FAST FACTS:

Area:                                    3, 07,713 sq km

Religion:                             Hinduism (81.11%), Islam (9.66%), Others (9.23%)

Maximum Temperature:   35°C

Minimum Temperature:    16°C

Capital:                                Mumbai

Languages                          Marathi, Hindi, English

Best time to visit:              October to March.

INTRODUCTION

Maharashtra, one of the most industrialized states of India, occupies the western and central parts of the country and extends over the Sahyadri mountains; a vast stretch of 720 kilometers of the Arabian sea coast providing it a beautiful backdrop.

The present state of Maharashtra was formed on May 1, 1960 on unilingual principle by carving it out of the erstwhile Mumbai state, which included the predominantly Marathi-speaking areas as the former princely state of Hyderabad as well as the Central Provinces and Berar. Maharashtra is the third largest state and the second most literate state in the country, according to 1991 census.

 Location

Located in the northern center of peninsular India, Maharashtra is surrounded by the Arabian sea in the west, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh on the north, Madhya Pradesh in the east and Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh on the south. The state extends between the latitudes 15.6° North and 22.1° North and longitudes 72.6° East and 80.9° East.

As far as the geography of Maharashtra goes, much of the state consists of the high Deccan plateau, which is separated from the straight Konkan coastline by 'Ghats'. The Ghats are a succession of steep hills, periodically bisected by narrow roads, and which are often crowded by medieval forts. Given their altitude, it is not surprising that the Ghats are home to the state's hill stations. One of the three major regions of the state is the Sahyadri range with an elevation of 1000 meters. The unique feature of this region is a series of crowning plateau.

Lying between the Arabian Sea and the Sahyadri Range, Konkan is narrow coastal lowland, just 50 km wide and with an elevation below 200 meters.

The third important region is the Satpura hills along the northern border, and the Bhamragad-Chiroli-Gaikhuri ranges on the eastern border form physical barriers preventing easy movement. These ranges also serve as natural limits to the state.

TOURISTS ATTRACTIONS
 

Mumbai is the largest metropolis in India and also its financial capital. Major sites in the city include the Gateway of India, Elephanta Island, Prince of Wales Museum, Flora Fountain, Haji Ali's Tomb, Kamla Nehru Park, Hanging Gardens, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus or Victoria Terminus, Kalbadevi Temple, Bhuleshwar Temple, Jama Masjid, Mumbadevi Temple, Nehru Planetarium, Nehru Science Center, and its famous Marine Drive. Other places of interest are Taraporewala Aquarium, ISKCON temple, amusement parks like Essel World and Fantasy Land, beaches like Madh Island, Manori, Versova, Goral, Marue, and Juhu.

Pune is the second largest city of Maharashtra and was home for a long time to the Maratha leader, Shivaji. One of the city's most famous residents was the self-proclaimed guru, Bhagwan Rajneesh, later known as Osho. Other tourist spots in the city are the Shanwarawada Palace, Raja Kelkar Museum, Gandhi National Memorial, Samadhi, and Pataleshwar Temple.

The city of Aurangabad is known for its medieval monuments and cultural heritage. It was also the seat of the Mughal Empire for a short span. The city boasts of the Bibi-ka-Makbara, a tomb that has some resemblance to the Taj Mahal. The importance of Aurangabad is great, owing to its proximity to the world heritage sites of Ajanta and Ellora. These sites have Buddhist, Jain and Hindu temples. Aurangabad is also famous for it's silk and cotton textiles.

Fifteen kilometers from Aurangabad is one of Maharashtra's many impressive forts, Daulatabad. This is the same place where Mohammed Bin Tughlak built his capital only to return back to Delhi after some time.

The site of the Ajanta caves is located to the northeast of Aurangabad, with the caves a little way off the main road. The 29 caves are built in a horseshoe shaped curve of the steep rocky gorge that rises above the river Waghore. The caves date from about 200 BC to 650 AD, but soon after, the site was abandoned, at roughly the time that Ellora was built and the Ajanta caves were slowly forgotten. They remained unknown for centuries, till, in 1819, soldiers from a British hunting party re-discovered them.

The Ellora caves are about 30 kilometers northwest of Aurangabad, cut into the hillside, and are famed for their sculptures. The earliest caves are Buddhist, but the later ones are Hindu and Jain cave temples. It is difficult to say with any degree of absolute precision when the various groups of caves were built, but archeologists feel that some of the building was simultaneous, with the early Hindu temples being carved at the same time as the later Buddhist caves. There are 34 caves, of which 12 are Buddhist, 17 are Hindu and five Jain.

Overlooking the Krishna and Koyna valleys, Mahabaleshwar, at an altitude of 1372 meters, opens up a whole world of picturesque delight. With an air of unspoilt beauty, it is a paradise for nature explorers and peace lovers, as also for filmmakers. The summer capital of the erstwhile Bombay Presidency, Mahabaleshwar retains its quintessential old world charm, despite the increasing crowds that visit the town. Numerous majestic mansions built during the days of the British, still stand as monuments of the Raj.

Lonavala is a famous hill station and a popular getaway from the cities of Mumbai and Pune. A special candy made of peanut and jaggery is a specialty of this place and popular all over the country.

MAHARASHTRA ECO TOURISM

Located on the western coast of India abutting the Arabian Sea lies Maharashtra. Replete with virgin beaches, exotic wildlife, verdant hills, quaint hill stations, scenic villages, coastal forts, caves and cave temples, there is much more to Maharashtra than meets the eye. Apart from the few destinations which have been high on the popularity charts to the extent of being over-exposed, there are several other interesting regions waiting to take centre stage.

Treading The Eco-Trail

Realising the potential of eco-tourism as a revenue raker for the state, tourist attractions ranging from forts, caves, hill stations, beaches, pilgrimage centres, forest reserves and wildlife sanctuaries are being developed keeping ecological considerations in mind. The conservation and development around the world heritage sites, Ajanta and Ellora, follows the principles of eco-tourism. Maharashtra is aggressively marketing itself as a premier global eco-tourism destination. The state tourism board with the help of the state government and NGOs has initiated special eco-tourism ventures to develop and promote the eco-potential of the state to an international clientele.

Focus On Ajanta-Ellora

The state has demarcated regions to promote the concept of eco tourism in the region. Eco tourism ventures have been introduced in areas such as Vidarbha, Sawantwadi, Aurangabad etc. Wild life protection, nature conservation activities, monument upgradation, heritage property restoration, fort improvement and protection are all part of the state's eco tourism initiative. One of the most prominent initiative has been at the Ajanta Ellora site in Aurangabad where a number of programmes have been instituted with eco tourism as the primary focus. The caves are world heritage monuments, which contain paintings and carvings dating back to 200 BC. These monuments attract more than a million tourists every year and are one of the most important tourist destinations in India. The Ajanta caves are about 100 kms from Aurangabad, which acts as the main gateway for the tourists visiting the area. Aurangabad is a well-developed town with industry, commerce and tourism as its principal source of revenue generation. The area has a very large number of tourist attractions comprising ancient caves, outstanding forts, a mausoleum similar to Taj Mahal, museums, unique handicraft industry etc.

The first phase of restoration work undertaken at the Ajanta Ellora caves is a classic example in which Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) submitted a plan for restoration of the area in and around the two heritage sites to the government of India. This proposal was then submitted to the Government of Japan. The Japanese Bank of International Cooperation and the Government of Maharashtra jointly funded the restoration plan.

Detailed scientific investigations were carried out by the Geological Survey of India at Ajanta and Ellora caves and based on their report a site management plan which included conservation, was carried out. The conservation work included protection of the rock mass, prevention of water seepage, slope stability, surface water management, landscaping of the adjoining region and development of a circulation plan. The conservation work being carried out at the caves has set standards in cave protection and visitor management system for ancient monuments in the country.

A scenic pathway from the Ajanta view-point to the foot of caves was planned which provides a panoramic view of caves to visitors. The afforestation work of Phase I was started immediately after signing the loan agreement and afforestation of about 180 hectares of forest was carried out by the first year and the remaining portion of 737 hectares was taken up for afforestation in the next two seasons. Afforestation has provided the following benefits:

• Forest walkways and nature walks

• Improved vegetation cover, which will prevent the soil erosion highly prevalent in the area.

• Provision of leisure and picnicking places to tourists near the monuments

• Bringing down the NO, CO2, and dust particle counts much below the permissible limits.

• Raising the ground water level. Roads leading to the Ajanta and Ellora caves from Aurangabad, which is the main gateway for tourism activities in the region, were improved. Improvement of some small roads surrounding the caves was also included. The improvement of these roads resulted in a drastic reduction of vehicular population near Ellora caves and smooth and easy flow of tourist traffic from Aurangabad to Ajanta (15 kms) and Ellora (25 kms)

• Two lane roads for all tourist destinations in the region

• Black topped roads in the Ellora caves complex for ease of vehicular movement. International grade highway and direction signage

The water supply scheme for the cave areas and the tourist complexes will be developed in Phase II. The water sources for Ajanta and Ellora are the Tondapur dam and Khultabad water system respectively. The benefits from the scheme are as follows:

• Availability of water of international hygiene standard

• Adequate water supply catered for tourist traffic till 2020

• Water supply available for maintaining the landscaping and gardens

• There will be no open drainage which would impinge on the hygiene of the area near the monuments.

The package was planned to supply power to the tourist complexes and caves. For Ajanta, upgrading the Fardapur sub-station and installation of transmission lines from Pahur sub-station with 20.5 km length was based on the power demand of 6394 kw. For Ellora, upgrading the Ellora sub-station and installation of transmission line from Khultabad sub-station to Ellora and Daulatabad with a total length of 28 kms was based on the estimated demand of 860 km. At both the sites the existing sub-stations were augmented with additional power transformers and associated control switch gear.

In a bid to protect the world heritage site, (MTDC) has introduced special, pollution free luxury buses (5 AC and 5 Non-AC) on the 2.5 kms along stretch of the Ajanta tour that begins at Fardapur. The MTDC authorities have also banned the use of all other vehicles in the area. The entire exercise is expected to reduce the vehicular traffic and pollution in the surrounding areas of the Ajanta caves. No vehicles are allowed to park near the caves making the entire surrounding area eco-friendly and pollution free.

The monument conservation programme practiced at Ajanta Ellora would also be carried out at other similar sites with time. Karla, Elephanta etc would be part of this initiative.

Greener Pastures

The state government in a bid to concentrate effectively on eco-tourism, heritage and convention centres, has invited private participation from both domestic and foreign investors.

In the same vein, the Forest Development Corporation of Maharashtra (FDCM) Ltd has appointed the Indian Society for Environment, Art and Cultural Heritage (Indsearch) to conduct eco-tours in the vicinity of the forests in Maharashtra. There is excellent potential for eco-tourism since Maharashtra has an estimated forest cover of more than 103 square kilometres. The FDCM along with the forest department of Maharashtra plans to utilize the existing available infrastructure for the development of eco-tourism along with Indsearch, who will conduct guided tours in various forests, sanctuaries and wildlife areas besides organizing nature camps, rural tours, outdoor management development programmes for the corporate sector.

Packaging Adventure and the Wild West

The Sahyadri range offers plenty of opportunity for trekking, hiking and rock climbing. There are a number of interesting mountain-top forts, a window to the hey-day of the reign of the Marathas, part of the rich historical legacy of the state. MTDC has taken steps for the promotion of adventure and wildlife tourism in the state, especially in the Nagpur belt. It has joined hands with the neighbouring Madhya Pradesh government towards the same. Madhya Pradesh (MP) is the leading state as far as wildlife tourism is concerned. Though Kanha and Bandhavgarh tiger sanctuaries in MP are world renowned, Maharashtra has Tadoba and Melghat which are bigger tiger sanctuaries but they have not been developed and marketed strongly. There are many other sanctuaries and pockets of thickly forested areas in the state which could be developed and promoted as adventure and wildlife tourism zones.

A jungle lodge has been developed by MTDC at Tadoba, close to Nagpur. The entire ambience there is in tune with the spirit of nature and it's a conscious effort on the part of MTDC to move on to the path of wildlife tourism.

Scaling New Heights With Fort Tourism

MTDC has set out a plan to promote fort tourism in the state. Various forts, especially in the western Maharashtra region, which were built and used by Shivaji, have been identified as prospective areas of interest for tourism. The proposal of drafting a special fort itinerary which will be spread over a period of approximately 15 days is on the anvil. Provisions in the nature of professionals and experts with a specific guided plan along with identified accommodation area will be offered. Fort conservation and protection plans are also being conceptualized by some local NGOs in the region.

Hill stations :

The state has a diverse spread of natural attractions, fauna and flora. The 720 kms long Konkan coastal strip extends eastwards from its estuaries and mangroves, across the majestic mountain ranges of the Western Ghats and 900 kms inland to the dry, deciduous zones of Vidarbha. The Sahyadri range, a part of these ghats is clothed in evergreen deciduous forests. These picturesque mountain ranges are among the oldest in the world. The Saputara hills along the northern border and the Bhamragad-Chiroli-Gaikhuri ranges along the east serve as natural limits to the state and still remain virgin as a tourism offering. These hills and mountain ranges offer a number of challenging trekking trails and house abundant wildlife.

The state has some wonderful hill stations. Unfortunately only a few have been really developed and publicized while the rest are languishing in obscurity. Amongst the more popular hill stations are Matheran, Mahabaleshwar and Lonavala, whilst Amboli near Sawantwadi on the Goa border, Malshej ghat near Mumbai and Panhala near Kolhapur are relatively unexplored hill retreats. Chikaldhara, another pristine hill station has not been fully exploited due to its geographic distance from the Mumbai, the gateway to Maharashtra. This destination houses the Pench Tiger Reserve.

Hill Station Protection Plan: Matheran and Mahabaleshwar, two of the most well known and highly populous hill stations of Maharashtra have been facing severe environmental abuse due to too much human interface. Though Matheran has been protected with a ban on vehicular traffic in the region, ruthless cutting down of trees have led to a total ecological disturbance in the hill station. The Supreme Court of India has declared both the hill stations as eco-friendly zones and all constructions in the area have been put on an indefinite standstill to protect the region from further environmental damage.

Rural And Beach Initiatives

The state has also introduced 'rustic valley tours' in the area close to Lonavala with the help of an NGO. The focus is to stimulate and help sustainable local women's enterprises in the tourism sector, in keeping with the local culture and natural environment. Educating the visitors on nature, tradition, agriculture, rural development etc is part of the village tourism promotion plan.

Meanwhile, the Sawantwadi Eco Tourism Plan also emphasizes on developing Sawantwadi as a complete eco tourism zone. Efforts have been taken by the Sawantwadi municipal council, along with the support of Rachana Sansad's Institute of Environmental Architecture, government of Maharashtra and MTDC to develop Sawantwadi region as a primary eco zone. The aim is to make the entire Sindhudurg district an eco village and eco tourism centre. The local arts and crafts will be promoted. Ganjifa playing cards and wooden furniture which are painted by natural watercolours made up of different variety of soils, mud and leaves, which is the region's speciality, is being promoted. Eco friendly technology is being incorporated to promote this kind of art. An arts and craft village, Shipagram, is yet another concept which is being developed.

Tarkarli has already evolved as a major destination in the district with Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) setting up a beachfront resort with Konkani style cottages. A new concept of 'houseboat' on the sands with two suites has been introduced. The famous sea fort of Sindhudurg, off the Malvan coast close-by, is a big attraction besides the casuarina -lined Tarkarli beach. International cruise liners operating in Indian waters have included Tarkarli as a day-long excursion in their itinerary.The tourist resort at Ganapatipule, run by Maharashtra tourism, has built Konkani huts so that the tourist gets a taste of the local flavour in accommodation. Another exciting concept introduced by the tourism department is 'Village Tourism' in Hadi.

Environment Awareness and Nature Interpretation Centres

In regions that are thick in flora and fauna, predominantly forests and hills, environment awareness and natural interpretation centres are planned to be set up to study ecological diversities in the region. These centres would cater to the needs of special interest groups such as environmentalists, nature activists, students, locals and others. Vidarbha area, which has around 27 wild life sanctuaries, four national parks along with promising routes for trekking, nature trails etc, would be one of the areas for setting up such a centre. Nature interpretation centres will help provide information about flora and fauna in the region through posters and audio-visuals. A herbarium for medicinal plants, a Lepidoptera or a butterfly zoo as well as a mini planetarium for star-gazing would be part of the centre at Sawantwadi. The centre will also serve as a demonstration centre for eco friendly construction technologies as well as for renewable energy, watershed management, water and waste recycling. In the Narendra hills area which is rich in natural fauna and flora, specialised nature trials would be organized by the members of Sawantwadi Eco Development Council with the support of NGOs along with the forest department. The region will have a centre called the Nishi Fondge Environment Awareness Centre which will exhibit photographs and information regarding wildlife in and around Sawantwadi.

Amboli which is an evergreen forest and a place that receives the second highest rainfall in India has been identified as a region for undertaking special eco tourism initiatives. Tadoba, Navegaon National Park, regions in the Sahyadris etc. have also been marked for setting up of such centres.

Lonar Crater

Once upon a time, not very far from Mumbai, a great big chunk of a meteor hurtled down and struck the earth. It is today known to have formed the world's oldest crater on the outskirts of Lonar town in district Buldhana in Maharashtra. This is the only crater in the world created by hypervelocity meteoric impact in basaltic rock. MTDC realised the potential of this crater and has aggressively been promoting Lonar as a major tourist destination. To this end they also set up a 'Crater View Tourist Complex', overlooking the depression in the earth. The crater which is a green depression, perfectly circular and 1.8 km in diameter is in the middle of a vast plain of parched fields and riverbeds. At the bottom of this grotesquely large bowl lies a still emerald lake. The lake has a high concentration of salt, explaining the absence of fish, and a perennial stream keeps its level constant even in the monsoons. This crater has been attracting international tourists and scientists. The lake is the third largest salt-water lake in the world. Due to its very nature, the region has attracted specialised eco initiatives unique only to Lonar. MTDC is in the process of conducting studies about activities in the region due to the formation of the crater.

New Offerings

The state's 720 kms long coastline has remained relatively undiscovered and unexploited compared to states like Goa and Kerala. Sindhudurg district, which was declared by the Maharashtra government as a 'Tourism District', has some of the best beaches in the state and country. Kunkeshwar, Tarkarli, Deobagh, Vengurla, Mochemad, Shiroda are some of the scenic beaches dotting the coastline of the district. Eco tourism drives and initiatives are being planned along the coastline area. Ganpatipule with the Swayambhoo Ganpati temple on the beach and Bhatye beach in Ratnagiri have also developed as major beach destinations. Others up north like Harihareshwar, Murud Janjira, Kihim, Alibag are already popular while there are a number of other beaches like Murud-Harnai, Velneshwar etc, which have remained relatively undiscovered due to lack of accommodation. NGO's have been active in preserving marine life across the coastal belt of the state. Environment friendly measures are being incorporated to preserve the beaches in the regions.

Traversing The Eco-Trail On The Deccan Odyssey

Promising to take tourists on a journey through a kaleidoscope land and an experience rich with exotic and diverse images, a ‘Pan Maharashtra’ luxury train - The Deccan Odyssey - is on the anvil for which a Memorandum of Understanding has already been signed with the railways. From pristine beaches, to defiant forts, from stories and Gods carved in black monolithic rock, to opulent palaces dedicated to kings, from north to south and one century to another, this luxury train offers to take its passengers on a journey through the kingdom of the Marathas, Maharashtra.

Characterized by luxury, The Deccan Odyssey will sport ten stately theme suites. Facilities and services aboard this luxury train include two tastefully designed lounge and conference cars allowing passengers to mix business with pleasure. Other features comprise of a specialty restaurant, to match the finest India has to offer and an exceptionally well-stocked bar, to contribute to the entire experience of luxury. Passengers will also be able to enjoy on demand - Foreign Exchange facility on board. The eight day itinerary includes several exotic destinations covering the expanse of Maharashtra.

This venture stands to enhance the tourism potential of Maharashtra, being developed on the lines of the Orient Express, by the Integral Coach Factory, Chennai. This 21-coach luxury train will also set a trend in rail conferencing, a new and innovative break through in the field of corporate conferencing.

However, there is a lot more to look out for on board - a gym, beauty shop, yoga centre and ayurvedic treatments. There would also be two restaurants cum kitchen cars that would serve varied local authentic and continental cuisine. A unique feature about the conference coach is that it is designed in a way that it could also be converted into a disco-cum-pub for evening entertainment. MTDC has planned an aggressive marketing campaign and will be show-casing the luxury train in upcoming travel marts abroad.

The train aims to showcase the state’s art, culture and heritage. Development of the Konkan coast on the lines of the French Riviera are new concepts that have been strategised. Promotion of Vipasana and Ayurveda tours, especially at the Vipasana Kendra at Igatpuri near Nashik will be aggressively done to meet the international demand for both the products. Participation in tourism fairs, both national and international, has thus been high on the agenda of the state’s promotional drives.

Maharashtra Caves:

Dating back to the 2nd BC and artistically built over a few centuries, the Caves of Maharashtra have an extraordinary appeal and aura. Nestled in the formidable Sahayadri Mountain Range, these caves have been home to monks of different religions.

Be it the paintings in the Ajanta caves or the sculpture of the Ellora caves, or the divine presence in the Elephanta caves, the visitors have always and will always continue to be spellbound. These caves offer a visit that is truly unforgettable. A visit that will induce a sense of discovery, a discovery of the self, and of the divine.

Ajanta Caves
Ajanta Caves, Way back in1819, a party of British army officers on a tiger hunt in the forest of western Deccan, suddenly spotted their prey, on the far side of a loop in the Waghora river. High up on the horseshoe- shaped cliff, the hunting party saw the tiger, silhouetted against the carved facade of a cave. About 107 kms. from the city of Aurangabad, the rock-cut caves of Ajanta nestle in a panoramic gorge, in the form of a gigantic horseshoe.

Among the finest examples of some of the earliest Buddhist architecture, caves-paintings and sculptures, these caves comprise Chaitya Halls, or shrines, dedicated to Lord Buddha and Viharas, or monasteries, used by Buddhist monks for meditation and the study of Buddhist teachings.

The paintings that adorn the walls and ceilings of the caves depict incidents from the life of the Buddha and various Buddhist divinities. Among the more interesting paintings are the Jataka tales, illustrating diverse stories relating to the previous incarnations of the Buddha as Bodhisattva, a saintly being who is destined to become the Buddha.

Occupied for almost 700 years, the caves of Ajanta seem to have been abandoned rather abruptly. They remained shrouded in obscurity for over a millennium, till John Smith, a British army officer, accidentally stumbled upon them while on a hunting expedition in 1819. The 'View Point' from where John Smith first glimpsed the caves, provides a magnificent sight of the U-shaped gorge and its scenic surroundings. Cascading down the cliff is a spectacular waterfall, which at the bottom feeds a natural pool called the Saptakunda.
Ajanta has been designated as a World Heritage Site, to be preserved as an artistic legacy that will continue to inspire and enrich the lives of generations to come.

The caves of Ajanta can be classified into two distinct phases: the earlier Hinayana phase (1), in which the Buddha was worshipped only in the form of certain symbols. And the later Mahayana phase (II), in which the Buddha was worshipped in the physical form.

Ajanta has two kinds of Caves:

Finished Caves: They are Twenty Seven & depict different forms of Buddha.

Finished Caves, Ajanta

Cave 1: This is one of the finest monasteries at Ajanta. Graciously posed Bodhisattvas with elaborate headdresses flank the antechamber doorway. On its either side are two of the best-known murals Bodhisattva Padmapani and Bodhisattva Vajrapani holding a thunderbolt (right) accompanied by attendants, divine musicians and flying figures.

The left wall of the antechamber depicts the assault and temptation by Mara, the god of passion, and on the right wall is the dark princess being offered lotuses by a lady. In the shrine, the Buddha is seen in the teaching position. Under his throne appears the Wheel of Life. The left wall of the hall shows scenes from the Mahajanaka Jataka. To the right of the rear wall are episodes from the Champeyya Jataka.

Cave 2: It is remarkable for the painted ceiling with large medallions, delicate bands of lotus flowers, scrollwork and abstract geometric patterns. Episodes connected with the birth of the Buddha such as the dream of his mother Maya, its interpretation by the priests and the birth of Gautama occupy the left wall. Next of this is a representation of the Miracle of Shravasti when the Buddha manifested himself in thousand forms.

Cave 4: Planned on a grandiose scale, but never completed, this is the largest monastery at Ajanta. It has a central doorway embellished with guardians, flying figures, maidens clutching trees and also images of the Buddha and Ganas, or dwarfs, with garlands. Six gigantic standing figures of the Buddha are carved in the walls of the antechamber.

Cave 6: Excavated on two levels, it has a splendidly carved entrance. The lower hall has 16 octagonal columns. In the shrine is the seated Buddha accompanied by standing Buddhas. The upper hall has only one painting, depicting the gift by a monk.

Cave 7: Unlike the other monasteries, this one contains only two small porticos and does not have a hall. The shrine has a seated Buddha with a halo carved on the back wall.

Cave 9: Rectangular in plan, with a monolithic hemispherical Stupa in the center. Traces of wall-paintings can be seen above which are figures of the Buddha in various poses.

Cave 10: Probably the earliest cave excavated at Ajanta. The paintings, though largely obliterated, reveal a royal personage accompanied by soldiers, musicians and dancers, worshipping the Bodhi Tree and the Stupa. Also of interest are the Jataka tales on the right wall.

Unfinished Caves: They are unfinished & some of them are accessible Unfinished Caves, Ajanta

Cave 3 & 5:These are unfinished monasteries of the second phase of excavation. Cave 5 is notable for its intricately carved doorway with female figures standing on Makaras.

Cave 8: An unfinished monastery excavated in the earlier phase.

Cave 23: It has some delicately sculpted figures of the river goddesses and amorous couples and decorative medallions containing dancing Ganas.

Cave 24: An unfinished cave , its verandah has some of the finest sculptures of Naga guardians and river goddesses.

Cave 25: A small, unfinished monastery, excavated at a higher level, with an enclosed courtyard a pillared verandah and a hall. There is no shrine inside the cave.

Caves 28 & 29: Both the caves are largely inaccessible. Cave 28 is a monastery and cave 29, a Chaitya - griha, or hall of worship.

Ellora Caves
Ellora Caves, Nestled in the crook of the Charanadari hill in Deccan is a series of ancient temples and monasteries hewn out of the moutainside. Situated on the ancient north- south trade route or the dakshinapatha, the tiny mountain village of Verul - mutated today to Ellora -was a well- known stopover for traders, priests and pilgrims who plied the route to the western ports. The cave temples and monasteries at Ellora, excavated out of the vertical face of an escarpment, are 26 kms. north of Aurangabad. Extending in a linear arrangement, the 34 caves contain Buddhist Chaityas, or halls of worship, and Viharas, or monasteries, Hindu and Jain temples.

Spanning a period of about 600 years between the 5th and 11th century AD, the earliest excavation here is of the Dhumar Lena (cave 29). The most imposing excavation is, without doubt, that of the magnificent Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) which is the largest single monolithic structure in the world. Interestingly, Ellora, unlike the site of Ajanta, was never 'rediscovered'. Known as Verul in ancient times, it has continuously attracted pilgrims through the centuries to the present day.

Ellora has been designated as a World Heritage Site, to be preserved as an artistic legacy that will continue to inspire and enrich the lives of generations to come.

Cave 1: This is the first monastery at the southern end of Ellora. It has four residential cells cut into the side walls. The cave is devoid of any carvings or sculptures.

Cave 2: This has a verandah, with a recess at the right, housing images of Panchika, the god od wealth, and Hariti, the goddess of prosperity. The entrance is flanked by guardians, next to whom are figures of the Buddha and other divinities. Each of the lateral walls in the hall has sculptures of five seated Buddhas flanked by celestial figures and by Bodhisattvas, or saintly beings who are destined to become Buddhas. A similar but larger figure of the Buddha can be seen in the sanctuary. The porch to the right of the sanctuary depicts the Miracle of Shravasti when the Buddha manifested himself in a thousand forms.

Cave 3: This cave has an unfinished image of the seated Buddha in a shrine. Pot and foliage motifs adorn the columns of the hall.

Cave 4: A two-storied excavation, this cave is now mostly in ruins. At the lower level is a plain hall, with a columned aisle leading to a shrine where a figure of the seated Buddha is accompanied by attendants. A similar but smaller shrine is located on the upper story.

Cave 5: Excavated at a higher level, this large cave consists of a spacious hall divided into three aisles. Porches in the middle of the side walls have small cells on either side. Columns are decorated with medallions and other motifs surrounded by intricate foliage. Several benches are carved out of the floor. The entrance to the central shrine is carved with Bodhisattvas bedecked with intricate headgear and jewellery. In the shrine is a figure of the seated Buddha.

Cave 6: The rectangular hall in this cave has columns with pot and foliage capitals. The walls of an antechamber in the rear of the hall, which leads into a small shrine, are covered with figures of the Boddhisattva and the goddesses Tara and Mahamayuri. The doorway of the shrine is carved with elaborate sculptures on other side. On the left is Analokiteshwara holding a lotus and a rosary in his hands, with a deer-skin draped on his left shoulder. On the right is the sculpture of Mahamayuri, the Buddhist goddess of learning, within the shrine is the figure of the seated Buddha, flanked by multiple smaller Buddhist figures, attendants and devotees on the side walls.

Cave 7: This is a simple hall with four plain pillars.

Cave 8: This is the only monastery at Ellora, where the sanctum is isolated from the rear wall, with a circular passage around it. The passageway has three cells on the left, an incomplete columned gallery at the rear and two columns in the front. Sculptures of the Buddha adorn the hall.

Cave 9: This consists of an open terrace with a balcony and a shrine housing figures of Buddhist divinities. The embellished façade has, among other motifs, an unusual scene of the goddess Tara rescuing devotees from the perils of a snake, a sword, an elephant (left). Fire and a shipwreck (right).

Cave 10 (Vishvakarma): Named after Vishvakarma, the architect of the gods, this cave marks the culmination of Chaitya architecture in India. The hall has porticos on three sides, raised on a basement carved with animals. A long frieze depicting a hunting scene appears above the brackets in the hall. A Stupa in the middle of the rear wall has a seated Buddha figure. A flight of steps in the verandah leads to the upper gallery. The façade behind this gallery consists of a doorway flanked by Chaitya window motifs, flying celestials, and Bodhisattvas with female attendants. On either side of the doorway, to the inner gallery, are recesses housing the figures of female deities and the Bodhisattva. A large figure of the Buddha , in the teaching position, is carved on to the front of the central Stupa accompanied by flying attendants and Bodhisattvas.

Cave 11 (Do Tal): A three-storied excavation dating back to the 8th century. Do Tal, or two storied, was the name erroneously given to this cave when its ground floor was buried under debris. The lowest level has two cells and a central sanctuary with figures of the Buddha in the teaching position. The intermediate level consists of five excavations, the first being incomplete and the last being a cell with a rock -cut bed. The remaining three have images of the Buddha attended by Bodhisattvas the uppermost level has a long columned hall with a shrine in the centre. On the rear wall are images of the goddess Durga and Lord Ganesha , indicating that this cave was later converted for worship by Hindus.

Elephanta Caves
Elephanta Island was known in ancient times as "Gharapuri" or The Place of Caves. The Portuguese took possession of the island and named it Elephanta after the great statue which they found on the seashore. There are seven caves of which the most important is the Mahesha-Murti Cave. The main body of the cave, excluding the porticoes on the three open sides and the back aisle, is 27 m square and is supported by rows of six columns. The gigantic figures of Dvarapalas, or doorkeepers are very impressive. Elephanta Island was known in ancient times as "Gharapuri" or The Place of Caves. The Portuguese took possession of the island and named it Elephanta after the great statue which they found on the seashore.

There are seven caves of which the most important is the Mahesha-Murti Cave. The main body of the cave, excluding the porticoes on the three open sides and the back aisle, is 27 m square and is supported by rows of six columns. The gigantic figures of Dvarapalas, or doorkeepers are very impressive.

The cave temple, which is the pride of Elephanta, sprawled over an area of approximately 5000 square metres, is reached by climbing a flight of more than 100 steps, to the top of a hill. Inside the temple, is a large pillared hall with rows of columns that appear to hold up the roof of the cave.

Cross beams complete the illusion of a ceiling. One's attention is immediately drawn to the series of marvelous sculptured panels, nine in all, which are set like tableaux on the walls. Little is known about the architects and sculptors, who worked on this gem of ancient architecture. What is almost tangible is their intense faith, which seems to create an energy field in the cave premises. Each of the panel captures the volatility of Shiva's essentially paradoxical nature, and the magical interplay of light and shade, only intensifies the overall effect.


Elephanta Caves

The northern coastline of Bombay. reminds you of the changing industrial and technological scene. Attendant gulls hover motionless overhead, an occasional fish leaps out of the wake furrowing behind it is a pleasant hour and 15 minutes to Elephanta.

Once known as Puri - later Gharapuri - this island was the proud capital of a powerful coastal kingdom and the great cave shrine in praise of Shiva, excavated in the sixth century, added to the ruling dynasty. Several centuries later the Portugese took possession of the island. They found monolithic stone elephant at the place where they landed and also named this a ilha do elephanta, island of the elephant. There was a stone horse too, a little further, which has a vanished without a trace.

The Portugese built a fort here with a watchtower, hoisting up to flag to ward off Aattacks by pirates boats. Did they use the caves for target practice? Or did they deliberately desecrate the sculptures? Antonio Bocarro, Portugese chronicler of the 17th century described Elephanta vividly and made special mention of the cistern of water in the western cave: "There is also a large and deep tank of water without which the heathens of the East never build their pagodas; because among their other abominations they believe that water purifies and cleanses them".

Aurangabad Caves
Aurangabad Caves are artificial caves, dug out of the rather soft rock during the 6th and 7th century. This caves are found on two separate locations, called Western Group Caves (caves 1-5) and Eastern Group Caves (caves 6-10), about 1km from each other. Aurangabad Caves are artificial caves, dug out of the rather soft rock during the 6th and 7th century. This caves are found on two separate locations, called Western Group Caves (caves 1-5) and Eastern Group Caves (caves 6-10), about 1km from each other. Each group has five caves. The architecture and iconography is influenced by Tantric Hinduism.

Cave four of the Western Group Caves is the oldest cave. It is a Hinayana Chaitya with a ridged roof like the Karla Cave near Lonavala. Hinayana (Sanskrit: Lesser Vehicle) is the more orthodox, conservative schools of Buddhism. Chaitya (Sanskrit) is the word for a funeral monument. There is a stupa in front of it, now partially collapsed.

The other four Western caves are viharas, which are an early type of Buddhist monastery consisting of an open court surrounded by open cells accessible through an entrance porch. The viharas in India were originally constructed to shelter the monks. Cave 3, the most fascinating cave of the Western Group, is supported by 12 finely carved columns. They show sculptures portraying scenes from the Jataka tales.

Cave 6 belongs to the Eastern Group Caves, and shows very well preserved sculptures of women, which are notable for their exotic hairstyles and ornamentation. There is also a large Buddha figure and an idol of Ganesh located in this cave.

Cave 7 is the most interesting of the Aurangabad caves. Most impressive are the sculptures, figures of women which are scantily clad and ornately bejeweled. They show the rise of Tantric Buddhism during this period. To the left of Cave 7 is a huge Bodhisattva praying for deliverance from the 8 dangers: fire, the sword of the enemy, chains, shipwreck, lions, snakes, mad elephant and demon (representing death). 

 MAHARASHTRA BEACHES:

Maharastra's 720 kms. Long affair with the Arabian Sea extends from Dahanu and Bordi in the north up to Goa proceeding Southwards. If you've got a penchant for send, sea and surf, this State has a great many interesting option in store. You could arrange fun day - trips or get away on a weekend. Indulge in adventurous water sports or daydream on secluded, golden sands. If you happen to have a special interest in forts and their history.

Maharastra is the perfect place to start on an enlightening tour. No other coasting India offers you such a vast choice of majestic forts like Khanderi, Undheri, Malvani, Goa, Murud, Sindhudurg and Suvarnadurg. Discover the real Maharastra while you soak up the soft sands. Or explore intriguing sights. There's so much you can do. Study temple and churches. Stroll through whispering coconut groves. Hill and valleys. Look for tiny, picturesque villages. Acquaint yourself with different people … and their lifestyle. Sample authentic Konkani cuisine …. Solkadhi, bangda, pomfret, curry, modak, rice, chapattis, dishes with jackfruit, Konkani sherbet and, of course, the world famous Devgad alphonso.

Any place you choose is conveniently linked to Mumbai- a good starting point. And all these places are well-connected buses. The coastal climate of Maharastra makes traveling pleasant all round the year. Sea are rough only during the monsoon which strikes between June and September - Depending on the kind of holiday you plan you can be positive that is no ordinary holiday. Because Maharastra is no ordinary place!

Bassein
Bassein used to be a place for ship-building in the beginning of the seventeenth century . it was here that the Marathas besieged the Portuguese in 1739. The ruins of the Portuguese Fort still stand almost hidden by brushwood and palm groves. About 10 kms. to the north-west lies Nalasopara village, the capital of the Konkan from about 1500 B. C. - 1300 A. D.

Many Buddhist relics were discovered here. Nalasopara is believed to have been Gautama Buddha's birthplace in a previous life.

To the north of Nalasopara is the Agar of Agashi and to the south the Agar of Bassein. About an hour by bus from Bassein station are the Vajreshwari temple and Akloli hotsprings.

Also easily accessible is Ganeshpuri with the Sadguru Nityanand Maharaj Samadhi Mandir, the Bhimeshwar temple and the other ashrams. There are several beautiful churches in Bassein, a reminder of the Portuguese presence.

Dahanu Bordi
Dahanu, a quite seaside town with a sprawling, uncluttered beach, is situated in Thane district. The Dahanu-Bordi stretch is 17 kms. This once-barren land thrived under Irani settlers, an earthy people.

Dahanu is lined with fruit orchards and is famous for its chickoos.

Accessible from Dahanu is Udwada - the 'Mecca of the Zoroastrians' - with a large, beautiful temple which houses their sacred fire. An amazing fact, but true : this fire has been kept alive for almost a thousand years.

Ganpatipule
Visit the vast stretch of unpolluted silver sands on the western cost of Maharastra, Bathed in the golden sunshine and silver moonlight, Lapped by gentle foam-flecked waves from the expanse of the Arabian sea, Laced with the unforgettable aroma of fruits, flowers and mangroves, Carrying the timid whispers of saying coconut trees. This is Ganapatiphule Land of the 400- year old Swayambhu ganapati and eager tourists. Set along the western coast of Maharastra, is a small little village called Ganapatiphule. It is known for it's serene sedate beach. Unlike most beaches which are spoilt by tourist traffic, the Ganapatiphule beach is as natural and pristine as ever. Even today, the waters are blue and the sands, white.

Travelling to Ganapatiphule by road is a vacation in itself. The entire 'Konkan' region is paradise- for miles there is something new to discover, in whichever direction you go: narrow roads, red soil roofed houses, clean courtyards, innumerable fruit- bearing trees (including mango, betel nut, banana, jackfruit, etc.) and casuarinas lining the cost are a common sight. Meeting the ever-friendly and hospitable 'Konkanis' and chatting with them could unearth innumerable delights of holidaying in this naturally gifted countryside.

Besides the beach Ganapatiphule is an important pligrimage centre. The temple of the 'Swayambhu Ganapati' is known for its unique idol of Lord Ganapati and its magnificient temple ('Swayambhu' or self originated, not manmade, 'Ganapati' or the lord of 'ganas' or army. 'Pule' or sand dune. That's how the name Ganapatiphule). The temple is 400 years old and is at the foot of a hillock. Most piligrims believe in taking a 'pradakshina' around the hill instead of just the temple. (Pradakshina is a form of showing obeisance wherein devotees walk in a circle around the idol of the deity or around the temple in which the idol is housed ).

Mandwa - Kihim
Twelve miles north of Alibag on the north coast and easily accessible from Mumbai, Mandwa is a beautiful, untrodden beach. On a clear day one can enjoy a long, breathtaking view right up to the Gateway of India. Mandwa village too has a charm of its own- with its beautiful groves of coconut palms.

For an unusual tent holiday, is the nearby Kihim beach.

Unspoilt and isolated, this beautiful place has a soothing effect on all city dwellers. For the nature lover Kihim has a lot of offer ; woods brimming with wild flowers, rare butterflies and birds … small wonder that this was one of Dr. Salim Ali's favorite retreats.

Worth visiting is the Kolaba Fort, just a furlong away from the shore. 15 kms. from Alibag is Chaul, an historic place where one can spot Portuguese ruins, Buddhist caves, the Hamam Khana, a church, a temple and even a synagogue.


Marve, Manori, Gorai
North of Mumbai, and away from its busting crowds and pollution, are these three gems that have become popular havens for Mumbai's beleaguered fun lovers. Marve, the closest and the quietest are a lovely little fishing village. It has some beautiful bungalows owned by Mumbai's elite for weekend gateways.

Low hills along the beach offer you extraordinary views of sunrise and sunset. Gorai and Manori, a little further away, are more crowded with revelers and are famous for all night beach parties. A fifteen-minute ferry ride from Marve or Borivali takes you to Gorai and Manori

Murud - Janjira
Formerly the capital town of the Siddis of Janjira, Murud is today popular for its alluring beach, whispering casuarinas, coconut and betel palms, and an ancient fort. On a hillock to the north is the shrine of Lord Dattatraya, the three heads representing Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshwara.

The 300-years old fort of Janjira is an architectural marvel- once upon a time considered to be impregnable. The palace of the Nawab and the Janjira caves are also a must for the tourist. And just a few kilometers away are two undiscovered beaches : Nandgaon and Kashid. Nandgaon is famous for its Ganapati temple and the annual fair held in honour of this elephant headed god every February.

Shriwardhan - Harihareshwar
Gentle winds, soft sands and inviting waters make Shriwardhan Bay irresistible to beach lovers. And if one relishes sea-food, there is no dearth of delicacies to sample here.

The adventurers can even take a small boat to the north side of the bay and explore a land where the 'Peshwas' or Prime minister of Maratha Kingdom, originally resided.

The 'Peshwa Smarak' is of interest to most people who visit Shriwardhan. The town of Harihareshwar is known for its tranquil and picturesque beach and is also famous for the temple of Harihareshwar.


Velneshwar
North of the Shastri river lies the idyllic village of Velneshwar. The quite, coconut-fringed beach offers the visitor the ideal opportunity for swimming or just relaxing. There is an old Shiva temple in the environs which is often frequented by pilgrims.
Velneshwar is the focus of attention once a year in March, when the Maha Shivaratri fair is held in honour of the God Shankar or Shiva.

Vengurla - Malvan
Further south lies Vengurla with its long stretch of white sands, and hills covered with cashew, coconut, jackfruit and mango groves. The town has two well - known temples : the Shri Devi Sateri temple and the Rameshwar Mandir.

Vengurla is often mentioned in history books as a trade settlement. Twice burned to the ground, it was the target of repetitive attacks and plunders between 1664 and 1812. to the west-north-west lie the Vengurla Rocks, also called the Burnt Islands.
On what was once an inner island, and is now part of the mainland, lies the old town of Malvan, almost hidden by palms.

The rocky terrain of Malvan holds two Ports: the Sindhudurg and Padmagad. it is said that there was an underground route joining the two Ports. Formerly a trading zone, Malvan is today known for its salt pans, Chinese clay pottery and the special 'Malvani cuisine' which is quite distinct from Konkan food.  

Vijaydurg- Sindhudurg
Vijaydurg or Fort Victor was strengthened around the seventeenth century by Shivaji, to whom it owes its finest features - the triple line of walls, the numerous towers and the massive interior buildings. Once seized by the British and renamed Fort Augustus, Sindhidurg or the Ocean Fort at Malvan port has history etched all over.

Within its precincts are temples holding shrines of Maruti, Bhavani, Mahadeo, Jarimai and Mahapurush, and of Shivaji - the only such shrine in the country. As for Vijaydurg and Sindhudurg beaches, they offer the visitor one of the most serene and beautiful coastal views in India

 MAHARASHTRA HILL RESORTS:

Spread of the over commercialization that is befallen their counterparts in north and south India, these towns offer a clean, calm and thoroughly refreshing alternative. And are probably, the only places in India, where you can observe the fall of the land all the way to the shimmering sea.

The foot-hills, sometimes approaching the seashore and sometimes withdrawing 40 or 50 kms. away, seem to be playing an eternal game with the Arabian sea. Nestling shyly in these mountains, some at an altitude of 2000 meters, are the hill stations of Maharastra. The geography of Maharastra, the great state, shows evidence of being wrought by a divine hand. Running north to south, throughout its length are the steeply rising Western Ghats.

Mumbai, India's commercial capital and easily the most accessible city in India, is the perfect getaway to Maharashtra's hill country. With convenient and comfortable links by road, rail and air. Read on and discover the secrets of the heart of Maharashtra.

Mahabaleshwar

Introduction

Mahabaleshwar is a very popular hill station in Maharashtra because of its placid lakes, verdant hills and cascading waterfalls. It is not only famous for its scenic beauty but also for its various temples, spectacular viewpoints and historically significant places. It is a great place for holidaying as it provides ample opportunities for leisure activities such as fishing, boating and trekking. If you feel this just the holiday resort where you would like to go for your next holiday, then you can book tour package and hotel accommodation at Mahabaleshwar with Hill Resorts India.

Sites to Visit

A tour package to Mahabaleshwar includes a tour to Mahabaleshwar temple. The temple in its present state, is surrounded by 5 feet high stone wall. The main temple has two apartments, the inner room, which is the God chamber and the outer room which is the central hall. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and enshrines a 'lingam'. The Hill resort of Mahabaleshwar is named after the presiding deity of this temple, Lord Mahabali, which is also why it is considered a major landmark of Mahabaleshwar.

A tour to Mahabaleshwar can possibly not be called complete without a trip to the cascading waterfalls, such as the Lingmala waterfall (6km), Dhobi waterfall (3km) and Chinaman's waterfall (2.5km). There is also the Venna Lake, which is 2.5 km long and has boating facilities. Close to the lake are strawberry stalls and people can even go for little horse riding.

Wilson point is the highest point of Mahabaleshwar and has three observation towers, which offer a splendid view especially of the sunrise. There are other points to which offer great view such as, Elphinstone Point, Babington Point, Kate's Point and Arthur's Point. Connaught Peak or the Mount Olympia and Echo Point are few of other places that tourists love to visit.

Mahabaleshwar-Sites Nearby

Most holiday packages include a tour to Panchgani, Pratapgarh Fort, Tapola and Satara. Panchgani is situated 19km away from Mahabaleshwar, and is at an altitude of 1,334. It is another famous hill station in Maharashtra and derives its name of the five hills around it. At Panchgani, one can visit the various viewpoints such as the, the Sidney point, Parsi point and the Graves Point. There are other places too worth a look, like the Cave's Kamlagad fort and Devil's kitchen. Another favorite spot, Pratapgarh Fort is at a distance of 24kms from Mahabaleshwar. It is the site where Shivaji won over General Afzal Khan. There the tourists can see Afzal khan's tomb and enjoy the picturesque beauty around them.

Tapola, also known as 'mini Kashmir', is 25kms from Mahabaleshwar. It has a big lake with small islands and there tourists can take a boat and visit the various islands.

At Satara one can take a tour of the Shivaji Maharaj Museum and the Wasota Fort and learning interesting facts about the Maratha era and see a collection of some really fine relics from history.

Mahabaleshwar was the summer capital of the erstwhile Bombay Presidency. A popular town, with an air of unspoilt beauty, it meanders leisurely for 5 kms. at an altitude of 1372m. While away the hours boating or fishing at the placid Venna Lake. Explore the walks or the thirty points that offer panoramic views of the valley and the sea. Bathe in the crystal waters of the numerous waterfalls.

Discover Pratapgad Fort 24 kms. away, where Shivaji dramatically bested General Afzal Khan. And the gorgeous ninehole golf course built on the edge of a cliff! Or simply idle through the tiny lanes of the bazaar, shopping for everything from shoes to luscious strawberries, blackberries, jams and jellies.

Taxis and rickshaws are easily available though a bicycle, which you can hire by the hour or for the day, is the best way to get around.

Temperature vary from 13oC in winter to 29 C in summer with a yearly rainfall of 663 cms.

The best time to visit is October to June.  

Panchgani

Introduction

The beautiful hill station of Panchgani is at an altitude of 1334 meter and is the perfect getaway for a quiet and relaxing holiday. Hill Resorts in India offers online booking for hotel accommodation and tour or travel packages to Panchgani, so you can inquire about a suitable holiday package for yourself and enjoy a great time in Panchgani, Maharashtra.

Sites to Visit

If you are on a tour of Panchgani, try exploring the town, riding on the back of a pony. You can ride through little villages and farms and imagine yourself touring the countryside, quite like Don Quixote. On a serious note though, if you really wish to see the scenic beauty, then pony ride is a good option or else you can take a taxi or rent a bicycle. Do not forget to check out the enchanting River Krishna while you are there.

Panchgani is quite famous for good educational institutes. There are some of the best boarding schools in this beautiful hill station. Panchgani has many old buildings of the colonial era and Parsi houses that are worth a look.

While you are on your tour to Panchgani, do not forget to try delicious local food at the food stalls, which offer a wide array of dishes

Panchgani derives its name from the five hills around it. At an altitude of 1334m. it is just 38m. below Mahabaleshwar. These 38m translate themselves into a breathtaking 18 km. approach, that swoops around bends with abandon, offering heart-stopping views of the River Krishna on one side and the coastal plains on the other. Panchagani is the quintessential residential hill-station, with the Raj stamped indelibly all over it. It can be seen in the architecture of the old British buildings, the Parsi houses and the boarding schools that have been around for a century or more.

For glimpses of a vanished era, special visit to some of the old British and Parsi houses is also important. Amble along the walkways, thickly canopied by lush trees and vegetation and delight is the secrets you come upon.

The Krishna, snaking through tiny hamlets, farms and ravines, hundreds of meters below. (Visit Table Land, a flat mountain peak and feast your eyes on the coastal plains, looking like miniature water colors.)

Select a horse from one of the numerous stable and canter along uncharted routes through hidden lovers' lanes, to the caves and Kamalgad Fort. Or while away time at the bazaar.

Panchagani is the one of those rare places that does not crowd anyone, yet in its own unhurried way deeply touches every visitor.

Taxis are easily available, though here too, bicycles (and horseback) are recommended for traveling long distances.

Temperatures vary from 16°C in winter to 35°C in summer, with an annual rainfall of 216 cms.

September to May is the best time to visit.
 

Lonavla:

One of the most popular getaways from Mumbai and Pune, Lonavala is a beautiful hill station in Maharshtra. Located in the Western Ghats, Lonavala is also called as the jewel in the Sahayadri range. As monsoon rains come tumbling down the Sahayadri hills, the hill station dons its best color-green. It's a wonderful experience to tour the hill resort during the rains.

Places to visit

The picturesque view of the Sahayadri range is one of the many highlights that Lonavala has to offer. With its lush surroundings and peaceful environs, Lonavala is an ideal getaway from Mumbai's concrete jungle. The hill resort is an ideal place for trekking. A leisurely walk along the waterfalls and other beautiful spots is what keeps most travelers busy in Lonavala.

Sites nearby

There are a number of places around Lonavala that one can visit when in Lonavala. The lakes around Lonavala worth visiting include Tugauli and Bhushi. Khandala, just five kilometres away is another exciting hill resort that can be visited from Lonavala. There are a number of caves around the hill resort and some of them even date back to 200 BC. The most fascinating of them are the Karla caves, located about 10 kilometres from Lonavala. The Buddhist stupa at the Karala caves is believed to be 2,200 years old. Rock climbing is another exciting activity that visitors to Lonavala can enjoy. Pauna Lake is the best-kept secret of Lonavala. Home to some of the Mumbai's rich and famous; Pauna Lake makes a great place for an outing.

Khandala

Once visited never forgotten, Khandala is a hill station, which dazzles the visitors with its spectacular scenery, verdant hills, deep green valleys, beautiful lakes and waterfall. Situated at a height of 625 mt in the Sahyadri hills, this hill resort of immense beauty is popular weekend gateway from the hectic life of Mumbai

Sites to Visit

A small hill resort, Khandala offers breathtaking views of the green surroundings. The place attracts visitors in a large number throughout the year. The best way to appreciate the amazing scenic beauty of Khandala is by taking a walk around the hill station. You can also indulge in trekking.

You will find the tourist attraction of Amrutanjan point at the Khandala. The mesmerizing view of the beauty of the surroundings from the Dukes Nose is an unforgettable experience.

Nearby attractions

Apart from being a place of major tourist attractions, Khandala is also a stating point for visiting a number of superb nearby places well worth a visit. Whether you are looking for another hill resort, beautiful lakes or the historical places you can be sure that you won't have far to travel.

Just five km apart is the hill resort of Lonavala, which makes a spectacular tourist destination on its own right. Some of the beautiful lakes near Khandala are the Lonavala Lake, Tugauli Lake and Bhushi Lake. The Walvan Dam near Khandala is also worth visiting.

16 km from Khandala are the famous tourist attractions of Karla and Bhaja Caves. Situated on the hills these rock-cut caves belonged to 2nd century B.C. and are the oldest and finest examples of Buddhist rock-cut temple art in India.

Adventure Sports

Trekking and hiking in Peru will be and unforgettable experience.
Khandala is a paradise for adventure tourists. Here you can indulge in adventure sports like trekking and hiking. It will be an unforgettable experience. The Karla hills and the popular Duke's Nose peak are the ideal places to indulge in rock climbing.

For the adventure tourists there are several trekking and hiking opportunities available in and around Khandala. The Karla hills including the popular Duke's Nose peak offer rock-climbing opportunities for the adventurous tourists.

Lonavla, Khandala - Karla
Lonavla and Khandala are two charming little hill stations on the western slopes of the Sahyadris, 5 kms. apart, that straddle the Mumbai-Pune highway at an altitude of 625 m. Quite popular as health resort, there are a number of sanatoria dotting the hills in the towns.

Khandala is smaller and calmer of the two, though browsing through Lonavala's bazaar could yield some wonderfull surprises. Both towns offer scenic views of the surrounding hills and in the monsoon, with a myriad waterfalls, it can be enchanting.

Karla about 12 kms. from Lonavala, is the site of the largest Chaitya caves in India, built in 89 B.C. Amongst the best-preserved Buddhist temples in India, they represent the zenith, in terms of design purity, of this style of temple architecture.

Matheran

Introduction

Matheran is an idyllic hill station in Maharashtra that is popular for its scenic beauty and laid back pace. If you are looking forward to some peaceful moments travel to Matheran Maharashtra. Time seems stand still in this part of Maharashtra. Hill Resorts in India provides an overview of the beautiful hill station

Places to visit

As you take the toy train to reach Matheran, the beautiful hills seem to welcome you. Once in Matheran, the hill resort smells clean and fresh. As no motor vehicles are allowed into the town and one has to travel by foot or can take rickshaw or buggy. Matheran is really beautiful during the monsoons when rains leave the hill station clean and green. Time seems to stand still in Matheran as you walk to a number of beautiful places in Matheran. Some of the view points in Matheran include Chouk, Panorama, Garbut Point and Louisa.

Rummaging through the small bazaar in Mathern is an exciting idea. As you see small shops selling a number of items that include Kolhapuri chappal, leather bags, and belts. Glass birds and dry flowers are other two important items sold in Matheran that you can shop.

Matheran is an undulating hilltop cloaked in shady trees that sprawls languidly at an altitude of 800 m. The journey involves an adventurous two hour ascent in a toy train. With food and drink vendors and monkeys jumping on and off, as the valley glides by sedately! Or a tough 11 km. Hike through thick and shady forests.

Matheran's cliffs with incredibly steep drops to the plains below create stunning viewing points. These panoramic vistas, by day and night, leave you feeling light-headed. The Hart Point offers a view of the lights of Mumbai at night!

All of Matheran is a series of such quixotically named points that are popular, if isolated, sides of picnic and fireside revelry at night. Charlotte Lake, the Panther's Caves and Paymaster Park are other attractions, especially for children. The old world charm of the British and Parsi homes is an irresistible draw. The main bazaar offers a variety of items such as cane and leather articles, hats, chappals and the sinfully sweet speciality - CHIKKI!

Vehicles of any kind are not permitted in the town, which makes it a very quiet, serene place.

Temperatures vary from 16°C in winter to 32°C in summer, with an annual rainfall of 524 cms.

October to May is the best time to visit.  

Amboli
Sun gigling coyly, in the southern ranges of the Sahyadri hills. Amboli at an altitude of 690 m. is the last mountain resort before the coastal highlands settle, with a sigh, to form flat beaches. Visit the numerous view points for a pleasant view of the lush hills and fertile plain. Sea view Point offers a rare view of the land all the way to the golden Konkan coast.spend hours by yourself angling for fish at Hiranya Keshi or picnic at the Nagatta Falls, Mahadev Gad and Narayan Gad.

The Bauxite Mines, 10 kms. away, is a pleasant and very different excursion.
If you’re looking to spend a few days in splendid isolation with your family, Amboli is an ideal resort. Taxis and rickshaws are available, though horseback and bicycles could add to the feeling of getting away from it all. Amboli has a cool and invigorating climate - a welcome respite in summer.

Jawahar
One of the few trial kingdoms in Maharashtra, Jawahar is famous for the vibrant Warli paintings. It invites you to forget your daily grind and all the turmoils that go with it.
   With exotic dales, rich forests and a wonderful climate. Jai Vilas, the palace of the tribal lords, and the relics of Bhupatgad are worth a visit.

The scenic beauty of the Dadar Kopra Falls, the enchanting Hanuman and Sunset Points…all explain why Jawahar is known as the 'Mahabaleshwar of Thane District'.

Nearby is Shirpamal, where Shivaji Maharaj camped on his way to Surat.

At an altitude of 518 m. the temperature in Jawahar stays between 25°C to 30° C.

Panhala
There are innumerable places of interest, each with its share of haunting anecdotes. Sajja Kothi, where Sambhaji was imprisoned. Ambabai Temple, where Shivaji used to seek blessings before venturing on expeditions. Pavankhind, where Baji Prabhu laid down his life to cover Shivaji's escape. Or course, a historical interest cannot be the only reason to take a holiday. Panhala, at an altitude of 977 m. and with an average temperature of 25 °C offers you some inspiring scenery and a soothing climate

Chikhaldara
This is the place where Bheema killed the villainous Heechaka in a Herculean bout and threw him into a valley. It came to be known as Keechakadara - Chikhaldara is a corruption. But there's more to Chikhaldara. The only hill resort in the Vidarbha region, it has the added distinction of being the only coffee growing area in Maharashtra. It abounds in wildlife- panthers, sloth bears, sambar, wild boar, even the rarely seen wild dogs.

Close by is the famous Melghat Tiger Project which has 82 tigers. The scenic beauty of Chikhaldara can be enjoyed from Hurricane Point, Prospect Point and Devi Point.

Other interesting excursions include Gawilgad and Narnala fort, the Pandit Nehru Botanical Gardens, the Tribal Museum and the Semadoh Lake.

Situated at an altitude of 1118 m. Chikhaldara receives an annual rainfall of 154 cms. The temperatures vary from 39°C in summer to 5°C in winter. October to June is the best time to visit.

NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES:

A haven for nature lovers - Maharashtra is a home to large number of animal and bird species including the tiger, crocodile, bison, gawa, neelgai, wild deer, sambars and rare migratory birds. The government has taken adequate steps towards setting up many wildlife parks and sanctuaries to protect these regions and promote these places as tourist attractions.

These parks offer splendid opportunities to see a wide variety of wildlife in the spectacular natural setting. Modern amenities such as jeep rides, night safaris, library and audio-visual facilities, comfortable accommodation and efficient transport are also available at these parks at a nominal charge.

Mahim Nature Park

In the heart of Bombay is Mahim Creek where bird and marine life thrives in its creeks and estuaries. Mangroves hold sway over large tracts of saline marsh sheltering myriad forms of life holding the soil together. To preserve its natural beauty and estuarine ecosystem, the Mahim Nature Park has been se up. This area of 450 acres is being taken on as a challenge to transform it to a green lung of Bombay. But there is more - an Environmental Education Center takes you on a nature trail to show you the intricate relationship between the five elements - sun, soil, water and air. The Eco Trail along the 'Bhoomi Path' takes you through the various land and water habitats explaining the life patterns in different environments.

The 'Web of Life' trail along the 'Srushti Path' unfolds the entire food chain from grasses, insects to frogs, rats, reptiles, birds etc. The wooded area, the 'Aranya' along the 'Upasna Path' takes you along the wooded areas where chirping birds conduct a musical concert for you. Finally for concentrated bird watching there is the 'Jal Vihang Tarang Path' also known as the Marine Trail. This is for bird lovers where one can spot different species of birds in nooks and crannies along waterways on a raft at high tide. Finally you can complete your day at the medicinal patch at the tree cell. Here you will find remedies for coughs and colds and can buy saplings for a song and also receive expert advice from the 'tree squad'.

Melghat Tiger Reserve

In the picturesque southern range of the Satpuras nestling in the tehsil of Amravati district is Melghat Tiger Reserve. Thanks to conservation efforts, amidst teak and bamboo groves you will find the protected tiger roaming around freely. If you are lucky you can shoot - only with a camera of course - sloth bear, hyena, wild dog, gaur, sambar, nilgai, barking deer, four-horned antelope and wild boar. And as for bird lovers, get ready to identify 113 species. Apart from all this there is also something for nature lovers - a spectacular variety of plant life. If you are game, get ready to leave for an exciting Vidharba jungle safari organized by MTDC, which takes you through Navegaon, Nagzira and Ramtak.

Borivili - A Park for All Seasons

Few visitors to the busy metropolis of Bombay are aware of the fact that just within its borders lies a virgin forest waiting to be explored. Just 104 square kilometers from Bombay, Borivili National Park offers a pleasant change from the humdrum life of the metropolis.

It is park for all seasons. In summer the forest is enfolded in a riot of colors - gulmohur, flame- of the forest and flowering silk cotton trees engulf the whole area and during the monsoons the forest is a verdant paradise - a carpet of green with streams tumbling over boulder-strewn water courses. This is an ideal time for birdwatchers and nature lovers.

A mini train will take you through the recreational area of the park, which also has a memorial of Mahatma Gandhi, a lion safari park, a deer park and gardens. It winds through a picturesque route, over bridges, through tunnels and along a lotus-studded lake on the Dahisar River where there are boating facilities. The park is the perfect place for picnics and there is a special picnic area with stalls selling the famous bhel-puri and pani-puri that Bombay is well known for. Also well worth a visit is the Aarey Milk Colony and Film City situated within the area of the park.

Karnala Bird Sanctuary

Karnala is the highpoint to a weekend - an ideal spot for an all day picnic with its close proximity to Bombay. Karnala is also a birdwatcher's paradise and MTDC has rent-a-tent facilities so you can bird watch at leisure. Spot sunbirds, drongoes, orioles, babblers and the occasional male paradise flycatcher with its unusual silvery-white tail and colorful local bird species can all be sighted. The best time is between November and February. The sanctuary is also home to troops of monkeys and herds of deer. You may even be rewarded with a glimpse of a panther if you are lucky.

Karnala is dominated by a fort, which was originally used by the Marathas for its strategic location. It affords a magnificent view of the countryside for miles around. During the monsoons a walk up a winding path to the pinnacle is especially rewarding as the path is wreathed with flowers and wisps of cloud and mist and on a clear day one can sight the Bombay coastline barely 30 kilometers away.

Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary

Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, 100 square kilometers with leopards, sambars, barking deers, wild boars, Hanuman langurs and Rhesus macaques roaming freely amidst the rich variety of flora and fauna makes it a nature lover's paradise. Jyotivanti trees, which glow in the dark during monsoon, add to the charm of the mist laden chilly atmosphere.

An important pilgrimage center, Bhimashankar is a beautiful black rock structure built in the Nagara style of architecture, the temple dates back to the mid 18th century. Believed to have been built during the reign of the Peshwas, the temple surprisingly displays a relic of the Portuguese time, a large bell hanging between two huge pillars in the courtyard. A small path behind this temple leads to a natural Shivling in the riverbed, a short distance down stream, only visible when the water level is low. Besides the temple, the two picturesque lakes, Kamalja Devi and Hanuman and the highest point, Nagphani make up the spots of tourist interest. Shaped as the hood of the snake, a short climb from the temple it offers an amazing panoramic view. Tungi Padar and Peth forts just below and the Matheran Range is visible in the distance.

While thousands congregate to this temple during Mahashivratri and Tripuri Purnima, Bhimashankar with its breath taking views and thick forest cover has always been a favorite of tourists and trekkers. A trek to Bhimashankar, is an ardourous 11 kilometer long journey from Khandas is one the most wonderful treks. The highlight of the trek is long stretches of thick forest, a perpetual twilight zone and the innumerable thundering cascades and gurgling streams.

Bharmragarh  

 Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary is home to a variety of wild animals including the following endangered species: the leopard, jungle fowl, wild boar and sloth bear. You can also find the barking deer, blue bull, peacock and flying squirrel among other animals.

The land vegetation can be classified as moist deciduous mix forests. The local people in and around the Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary are mostly tribals belonging to the Gond-Madia tribes. They still lead a primitive way of life. The local language is Madia and Gondi. These people are mainly dependent on the forest for their day to day needs such as wood, timber, grass, etc. Other places of interest around the sanctuary are the Hemalkasa Lok Biradari Project run by Dr Prakash Amte

Bor

 Wild animals spotted are here are the tiger, panther, bison, blue bull, chital, sambar, peacock, barking deer, chinkara, monkey, wild boar, bear, and wild dog.

Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary

Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary is home to a variety of wild animals including a few endangered species namely the tiger, leopard, jungle cat, sloth bear and wild dog. There are 131 species of avi-fauna recorded in the protected area of which as many as three bird species are of endangered status. There are two species of reptiles which are of endangered status: the Indian python and common Indian monitor. It is common to spot the following wild animals as well: wild boar, spotted deer, sambar, barking deer, blue bull, jungle cat, jackal, peacock, jungle fowl and flying squirrel.

The local people in and around the Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary are mostly tribals belonging to the Gond community. The local language is Marathi, Telugu, Madia and Gondi. These people are mainly dependent on the forest for their day to day needs such as wood, timber, grass, etc. Other places of other interest around the sanctuary are Prashant Dham at Chaprala, Chaprala Temple and Markanda Temple.

Chikhaldara

Featured in the epic, the Mahabharata, this is the place where Bheema killed the villainous Keechaka in a Herculean bout and then threw him into the valley. It thus came to be known as Keechakadara -- Chikhaldara is its corruption. But there's more to Chikhaldara. The sole hill resort in the Vidarbha region, it is situated at an altitude of 1118 m and has the added dimension of being the only coffee-growing area in Maharashtra. It abounds in wildlife -- panthers, sloth bears, sambar, wild boar, and even the rarely seen wild dogs. Close by is the famous Melghat Tiger Project which has 82 tigers. The scenic beauty of Chikhaldara can be enjoyed from Hurricane Point, Prospect Point, and Devi Point. Other interesting excursions include Gavilgad and Narnala Fort, the Pandit Nehru Botanical Gardens, the Tribal Museum and the Semadoh Lake.

Dajipur

The jungle resort of Dajipur is situated on the border of Kolhapur and Sindhudurg districts. Surrounded by rugged mountains and dense forests, this secluded little place is completely cut-off from human habitat. Home to bison, wild deer, chital, gawa and many more spectacular wild animals and birds. Dajipur is an exciting and beautiful holiday getaway, situated 1200 metres above sea level. An excursion in the vicinity to the Gagangiri Maharaj's Math makes for a pleasant outing. This scenic resort near the backwaters of the Radhanagari Dam is highly recommended for wildlife lovers and nature enthusiasts.

Nagzira

Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary is locked in the arms of nature and adorned with a picturesque landscape, luxuriant vegetation and serves as a living outdoor museum to explore and appreciate nature. The sanctuary has a number of fish, 34 species of mammals, 166 species of birds, 36 species of reptiles and four species of amphibians. The invertebrate fauna includes, besides a number of insects and ant species, several species of butterflies. Nearly 30,000 tourists visits this sanctuary annually. Wild animals to spot are the tiger, panther, bison, sambar, nilgai, chital, wild boar, sloth bear and wild dog

Other places of interest are Navegaon National Park (50 km), Itiadoh Dam (65 km), Tibetan Camp at Gothangaon (60 km) and Pratapgad (70 km).

Navegaon National Park

Navegaon, a popular forest resort in the Vidarbha region, the eastern most part of Maharashtra, was built in the 18th century. The picturesque lake set amidst lush green hills at Navegaon, has a watch-tower beside it. One can get a bird's eye view of the surrounding forest and marvel at the exciting wildlife from the watch-tower. The Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home to almost 60 % of the bird species found in entire Maharashtra. Every winter, flocks of beautiful migratory birds visit the lake -- a rare treat for the eyes.

One can also join the jungle safari and stroll through the beautiful forest, crossing paths with leopards, sloth bears, gaurs, sambars, chitals and langoors. Staying in the unique tree-top house, riding a power or sail boat on the lake, are thrilling pastimes. Nearly 50,000 tourists visits this tourist complex annually. Places of interest around the national park are Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary (60 km), Itiadoh Dam (20 km), Tibetan Camp at Gothangaon (15 km) and Pratapgad (15 km).

Pench National Park

Located around 70 kms from Nagpur on an area of 257.26 sq kms is the Pench National Park. This is southern topical dry deciduous forest and is a home to a variety of trees and wild animals. One can spot the tiger, panther, gaur, sambar, chital, barking deer, blue bull, macaque, langoor, wild boar, bear, wild dogs and civet cat.

Tadoba National Park

This is a large park spread over many acres of lush, green forested land. Situated 45 kms from Chandrapur, Tadoba is an extremely beautiful jungle park with mixed teak forests around a tranquil lake. Night viewing offers a splendid opportunity to see tigers, leopards, gaurs, nilgais, sambars and chitals. The Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is home to a variety of wild animals. The following wild animals are usually spotted -- tiger, leopard, leopard cat, Indian wild dog, sloth bear, Hyena, wild boar, spotted deer, barking deer, blue bull, four-horned antelope, Indian pangolin and porcupine. One can also avail of lodging facilities in the park for overnight stay. Around 90,000 people visit the park annually.

Tipeshwer

The following animals are spotted here: the black buck, blue bull, chital, sambar, peacock, hare, snake, monkey, wild boar, bear, wild cat, wolf and jackal.

Maharashtra Adventure:

Maharashtra is no longer just the commercial hotspot it is famed to be. Breathtaking sights of sheer beauty mark the length and breadth of this beautiful state-the imposing Sahyadris, with their steep hair-raising cliffs, sprightly waterfalls,snaking their way through ridges, mist shrouded forests which are the home of many exotic animals, are the diverse elements which make up this slate.

Hoping to exploit this natural bounty, the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation has sprung into action in a big way.

Firstly about their rock climbing and trekking programmes at Karia. The Karia mountains, probably dating back to 160 BC, harbour the largest cluster of Chaitya caves. Their sheer rock faces provide the appropriate terrain for a rock climber to reach up to the white, fluffy clouds.

There is good news for water sports lovers too. The MTDC has introduced water sports at various lakes, areas near irrigation dams and the coastline. Imagine the rush of water and white foam coming up as you kayak or wind-surf in these clean waters. Aqua sports no longer need be the preserve of a privileged few as the Panshet Aqua Sports Centre has opened its doors to the public.

Located just 40 kms. from Pune, all you need to take with you on this fulfilled holiday is your swimsuit!

If you need a spell of peace and solitude and are trying to escape the polluted air of the city, Kihim beach with its clean, unpolluted sands is the answer. Just 120 kms. from Bombay the beauty of the deep, aquamarine sea is indeed a soothing sight. Amidst the thick, dense coconut groves on the beach, tents have been put up by the MTDC to lure holiday-goers, who are weary of the concrete and crowds.

Another popular getaway could be Bhandardara. Nestling amidst an amphitheatre of hills it is one of the largest and probably one of the most beautiful lakes in the country, formed by damming the waters of the Pravara river. The placid blue waters stretch out for miles and miles on end. You can intersperse this serene introspection by going off on long treks around the surrounding hills-To Ratangadh, a favourite fort of Shivaji, or Kalsubai, the highest peak in Maharashtra, to the sprightly Randha falls or to Amriteshwar, a 1200-year-old temple. The choice is yours.

For some tourists a holiday would mean discovering India, unfolding a compelling mystique of a country. And here again Maharashtra's turbulent history has left behind a plethora of monuments.

The magic of the Ajanta, Ellora and the Elephanta caves is unquestionable as are the scores efforts, some in ruins, but which still stand strong and majestic. As you enter these forts whispers from the past can be heard. Like the famous Murud-Janjira fort in Murud (which is known for its beautiful sea beaches and the fishing activities of the Koli tribals, inhabitating the area) or rambling through the deserted fortifications of Raigad.

Traditionally Maharashtra is known for its rich collection of wildlife-both flora and fauna. The forests abound in varied vegetational types which make for extremely scenic landscapes. Seen amidst this are the tiger, bison, blackbuck, wild buffalo, and chinkara.,sambar, the flying squirrel and the like. In the enchanting sylvan beauty of the woodlands and greenery of Melghat, in the Arnravali district, roams the tiger, and it is here that a greater part of Project Tiger is being implemented. In the heart of the luxuriant teak forests of Dhakna-Kolkaz is the Melghat Tiger Reserve, where panthers, bison, sambar and the flying squirrel are familiar sights. The MTDC have ambitious plans to begin jungle safaris into these areas-A treat for wildlife enthusiasts, to see these wild animals in their natural surroundings.

Another wildlife sanctuary which is known for its verdant hills and dales, where the fauna offers a mesmerizing blaze of colours, is the Nagzira Wild Life Sanctuary. Ambling around in these idyllic environs is the sloth bear, tiger, four horned antelope, the blue-bull, chital, barking deer, bison and the panther. Besides these sanctuaries are alive with the chirruping of the colourful and varied birds.

There are many more types of birds than animals in Maharashtra, like the bulbul, , cuckoo, parakeet, drongoes, wagtails, flycatchers, purple sunbirds, grey jungle fowl, the great Indian Bustard and above all the beautiful peacock. The great Indian Bustard, which is an endangered species, is an ostrich-like bird, found in the Ahmednagar and Sholapur districts. It is known for its royal gait and is a fast runner.

The Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary is a roast for ornithologists and so is the Kamala Bird Sanctuary which is the home of winged birds like the golden oriole. A graceful visitor to this state is the flamingo, which breeds in the Rann of Kutch. These hordes of birds, which look like swans when they are floating in the water, come to roost in Malshej Ghat.

Maharashtra has four National Parks, the most beautiful of them being the Tadoba and Nawagaon National Parks. The Nawagaon lake greatly enhances the beauty of the surroundings. There is an interesting legend about this lake, which was built by Kolu Patel Koli. His shrine is built on top of one of the peaks surrounding the lake. The peaks surrounding the lake are known as the sat bahini or the seven sisters, who are supposed to have helped Kolu to build the lake. The wildlife here includes the sacred nilgai and the diminutive large-eyed chinkara.

The Tadoba National Park has migratory ducks visiting its lake, and also swarms with crocodiles. The rest houses are ideal for nature lovers as it commands a lovely view of the lake and the distant green hills beyond.

All this and much more is what Maharashtra has to offer for an action-packed vacation

 ADVENTURE SPORTS IN MAHARASHTRA:

PARAGLIDING:

Kamshet 

Kamshet, a sleepy village along the Mumbai-Pune Highway #4, 16 km east of Lonavala has developed into one of the sought after Paragliding destination in Maharashtra with its perfect flying conditions. The picturesque hills of the Western Ghats which run along the west coast of India from Gujarat in the north through Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka to the Nilgiri hills of Kerala in the southern tip, locally known as the Sahyadris in Maharashtra, offer many sites such as Kamshet, Satara, Talegaon, Deodali, Murud Janjira, Matheran, Panchgani, Singhgad and more with plenty of potential distance wise, suitable for gliding. The Western Ghats offer almost a year round destinations than those sites in the Himalayas which are restricted by extreme weather conditions. 

Situated in Pune district, Maharashtra; 110km from Mumbai and 56km from Pune, the area in and around Kamshet, with its low hills, rocky terrain and flatlands has scores of favorable sites with enough ridges just right for take off. Kamshet, 2200feet above sea level has perfect flying conditions with cloud base usually over 2000m and reliable thermo cycles ideal for basic, intermediate and cross country flying. Here flying is possible almost every day of the long season from October to June. The topography and temperatures allow for both ridge and thermal soaring. The pleasant weather, lush greenery, the huge pristine lake, the dramatic scenery and the easy accessibility to the place adds to its charm. Historically too, the place holds great significance. While you are there, check out the ancient cave temples at Bedsa located just before Kamshet.  Another thing that strikes you is the presence of ever friendly and supportive villagers.

One of the widely known sites is the 'Tower Hill' just off the highway on the road to Pavna dam. The take off site, on a north south ridge is visible from the highway and is accessed by a 30minute uphill drive and a 10minute walk. The site is larger than a football field rising 250m (700ft) above the valley floor overlooking the highway, the railway track and the Indrayani river. The site offers good launches everyday with the two prevailing winds- from the east face in the morning and from the west face late in the afternoon. One has to look out for high tension cable lines and the highway when launching from the west face. The mountain ridge is excellent for cross country flying with beautiful views of lakes and open fields.  This site hosted the Indian Nationals 2000. 

'Shinde Wadi' is another site just off the highway around 2km from Kamshet town. A gentle sloping hill, take off height is just 100- 200 ft from ground level. Ideal for beginners, this site is best for hops and first solo flights. Historically this site holds significance as there is a saying that this is the place where in a battle between the British and the Marathas, Madhavrao Shinde's soldiers fired a cannon from the top of the hill and blew the head off the leader of the advancing British Battalion. Here Village kids always keep company to the fliers. 

'Temple Hill' situated at Talegaon- Bhandar Dongar 22 km ahead of Kamshet on the road to Pune was once host to the famous ' Temple Hill Hang Gliding Trophy'.  An old favourite for hang gliding, this is an excellent site for paragliding as well especially for beginners, with a gentle slope ending in a very clear landing zone. The site gets its name from the medieval temple of Saint Thukaram located here. It is mostly flyable in the mornings and if the wind holds out, up to late afternoon. The site is drivable to the take off point.

'Shelar' is another site 8 km from the highway, a north south ridge about a mile long with a wide take off at 175feet above ground level. This quiet L- shaped ridge free from power cables for miles around, is suitable for training and intermediate flying with perfect conditions for soaring and thermalling. There is usually a reliable lift that will easily carry one to 200-600m above launch. Best for long hours of evening flying with the vultures and eagles, from December to June. The take off point is reachable by a 10 minute walk uphill. 

'Kondeshwar Cliff' is another site 15-20km off the highway from Kamshet town near the two monsoonal waterfalls. The take off height is 2200ft above ground level on a north south ridge suitable for advanced pilots. The ridge takes on the Westerlies wind coming from the Arabian sea, 70km away. The slopes of these hills are thickly forested but there is a clear landing area in the fields below. The site is drivable to the take off.

TREKKING AND HIKING

 Trekking and hiking in Peru will be and unforgettable experience.
Khandala is a paradise for adventure tourists. Here you can indulge in adventure sports like trekking and hiking. It will be an unforgettable experience. The Karla hills and the popular Duke's Nose peak are the ideal places to indulge in rock climbing.

For the adventure tourists there are several trekking and hiking opportunities available in and around Khandala. The Karla hills including the popular Duke's Nose peak offer rock-climbing opportunities for the adventurous tourists

AMUSEMENT PARKS:

ESSELWORLD:

Mumbai's first and largest amusement park, Essel World, located just a few kilometres outside city limits at Gorai, is situated on a green landscaped, island on an area of 64 acres. It can be reached by ferry from Gorai creek or Marve beach.

Alternately you can drive down by Western Express Highway, take the Bhayender turn and reach Gorai Island. Essel World offers over thirty four thrilling and scintillating rides, games and amusements.

Ridings for Children:
Commando Park, Kinder Carousel, Yard Train, Caterpillar, Big Apple, Mini Tele Combat, Junior Crazy Cars, Boat Ride.

Ridings for Adults:
Zyclone, Rock-o-plane, Snowball Rainbow, Senior Dodgem, Senior Crazy Cars, Super Round Up, Rock-N-Roll, Slippery Sultan.

Family Rides:
Maha Nimboo Dive, Monster, Tilt-A-Wheel, Fun Net, Zipper Dipper, Road Train, Highway Cars, Haunted Hotel.

Besides these rides there are also coin-operated games, like Crazy Shuttle, Derby Racer, Aqua Blasta, Water Lazer etc. For the food lovers, Essel World caters to all palates. Whether your choice is quick pizza or a bhel-puri or a leisurely Chinese meal, one outlet or other, spread throughout the park.

Essel World has recently started Wet World (a park within the park) with separate entry charges. It is a dream come true in the hot summer months. This has six water-related rides - Rain pool, Splash pool, Croc pool, Lazy river, Large activity pool and Small activity pool

FANTASY LAND

Fantasy Land is a fun park within the city limits of Mumbai. Located at Jogeshwari on the Jogeshwari Vikhroli Link Road off the Western Express Highway, the park is enveloped in lush green landscape, spread on an area of 30 acres.

The park opened to the public in September 1992 and has since grown from strength to strength adding new innovative entertainment and sporting attractions that have been one of their kind in India.

There is an array of international rides and games. An Italian merry-go-round in porcelain finish. A Dragon that clocks to and fro like a pendulum, swinging scores of people at one go. A Master blaster with a dozen arms that lift you high up in the air and then lower you suddenly.

A Slam Bob in which boats surf the air at great speeds. A grand Slam where you crash your car into another and walk out smiling. And topping all these and other rides is the Roller Coaster (Ze Ulta Fulta Express) the only one of its kind in India. It takes a full 360 degree turn in the sky, leaving you suspended in mid-air. Besides these rides there are also coin operated games, pedal boats in an artificial lake and horse rides.

There are restaurants providing Indian, Chinese and American foods. The Special events are organised on the following days - New Year's day, Summer Weekends, Valentines Day, Monsoon Specials, Holi Festival and Children's Day.