GOA

FAST FACTS:

Area:                          3700 sq. km

Language:               English, Hindi, Marathi, Konkani

Best time to visit:   October to May

INTRODUCTION:

Goa which was liberated on 19th December, 1961 alongwith Daman and Diu from 451 years Portuguese Colonial Rule, became the 25th State of the Indian Union when it was conferred Statehood on 30th May, 1987.

The State of Goa has a Legislative Assembly with strength of 40 elected members. Besides, Goa has three elected representatives in the Central Parliament. The Governor is the Head of the State and is advised by a Council of Ministers headed by Chief Minister. Panaji, a small picturesque town on the left bank of river Mondovi, is the seat of the State Administration. However, for administrative purposes, the State has been divided into two districts: North Goa and South Goa with headquarters at Panaji and Margao respectively, and six divisions comprising 11 Talkies.

Ensconced on the slopes of the Western ghats (Sahyadri ranges) Goa is bounded on the North by Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, on the East by Belgaum, on the South by Karwar district of Kamataka and on the West by Arabian Sea. Its rivers, Tiracol,Chapora, Mandovi, Zuari, Sal and Talpona, which are navigable throughout the year, have their origin in the Sahyadri ranges and flow westward into the Arabian Sea, 60 kms. away, breaking the long coast line covering a length of 105 kms. into enchanting estuaries and bays which mark off idyllic palm-fringed beaches like Arambol, Vagator, Atijuna, Baga and Calangute in the North and Colva. Betui and Palolem in the South.

Goa, a tiny emerald land on the West Coast of India, with its natural scenic beauty, attractive beaches and temples famous for its architecture, feasts and festivals and above all hospitable people with a rich cultural milieu, has an ideal tourist profile Although, Goa joined national mainstream only after 14-years of the country's independence, tourist traffic to Goa registered such phenomenal growth that from 2.00 lakhs tourists in 1975 the figure has shot up to 11.26 lakhs in 1996 of which domestic tourists comprise 8.88 lakhs and foreigners account for 2.37 lakhs including almost 73,000 through charter flights from U.K. Germany. Switzerland, Finland. As on today, the total bed capacity stands at 21,000 beds, of which the public sector account for 10% with the rest in the private sector. With the projected rise in tourist traffic to 14 lakhs by the turn of century, the bed capacity would require further augmentation of at least 20 thousand.

Goa's income from Tourism in terms of foreign exchange earned, the figures have gone up from Rs.32.64 crores in 1986-87 to Rs.194 60 crores in 1994-95 which represents a steady rise of about 25% every year In the State 20% of its population earn their livelihood directly and indirectly, form tourism activities.

Conscious of preservation and conservation of environment, ecology and architecture, the State Government had decided that no construction or development shall be permitted on the sandy stretches with 200 meters of High Tide Line in general. Further, such development is subject to the restrictions laid down by the Government of India under the Environment Protection Act and Regulations

Variously known as "Pearl of the Orient" and a "Tourist Paradise", the state of Goa is
 located on the western coast of India in the coastal belt known as Konkan. The
magnificent scenic beauty and the architectural splendors of its temples, churches
and old houses have made Goa a firm favorite with travelers around the world.
But then, Goa is much more than just beaches and sea. It has a soul which goes
deep into unique history, rich culture and some of the prettiest natural scenery that
India has to offer. Much of the real Goa is in its interiors, both inside its buildings
and in the hinterland away from the coastal area. Legends from Hindu mythology
credit Lord Parshuram, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu with the creation of Goa.

Over the centuries various dynasties have ruled Goa. Rashtrakutas, Kadambas, Silaharas, Chalukyas, Bahamani Muslims and most famously the Portuguese have been rulers of Goa.

Goa was liberated by the Indian Army from Portuguese colonization on December 19, 1961 and became an Union Territory along with the enclaves of Daman and Diu. On May 30, 1987 Goa was conferred statehood and became the 25th state of the Indian Republic.

Having been the meeting point of races, religions and cultures of East and West over the centuries, Goa has a multi-hued and distinctive lifestyle quite different from the rest of India. Hindu and Catholic communities make up almost the entire population with minority representation of Muslims and other religions.

All the communities have mutual respect towards one another and their secular outlook has given Goa a long and an unbroken tradition of religious harmony. The warm and tolerant nature of the Goans allows them to celebrate and enjoy the festivals of various religions such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali, Christmas, Easter and Id with equal enthusiasm.

The state of Maharashtra borders Goa on the north, the state of Karnataka on the south and east. The vast expanse of the Arabian Sea on the west forms the magnificent coastline for which Goa is justly famous.

Terekhol (Tiracol), Mandovi, Zuari, Chapora, Sal and Talpona are the main rivers which weave their way throughout the state forming the inland waterways adding beauty and romance to the land besides being used to transport Goa's main export commodity of Iron and Manganese ore to Mormugao Harbour. Along the way to the coast these waterways form estuaries, creeks and bays breaking the sandy, palm-fringed coastline behind which lie the fishing villages among the coconut groves.

Panaji (Panjim) is the state capital located on the banks of the Mandovi river and Vasco, Margao, Mapusa and Ponda are the other major towns. Goa is serviced by an international/national airport located at Dabolim near Vasco. An intra-state and inter-state bus network also plays an important role in getting locals and visitors alike in and around Goa.

The vast green expanse of the Sahyadri mountain range ensures that Goa has an abundance of water. The sea and rivers abound in seafood - prawns, mackerels, sardines, crabs and lobsters are the most popular with the locals and the visitors.

Along with English which is widely spoken all over Goa, Konkani and Marathi are the state languages. The national language Hindi is also well understood in most areas around the state.

Goan cuisine is a blend of different influences the Goans had to endure during the centuries. The staple food in Goa is fish and rice, both among the Hindus and the Catholics. Unlike the Christian food the Hindu Goan food is not strongly influenced by the Portuguese cuisine.

Since the arrival of the Hippies in the sixties, Goa has been a major destination on the itinerary of international and domestic tourists.

The tourist season in Goa begins in late September and carries on through early March. The weather in these months is usually dry and pleasantly cool.

Then the weather gets fairly hot around May and by end of June, Goa receives the full blast of the Indian monsoon with sudden downpours and tropical thunderstorms. However it is also during the monsoon that Goa is probably at its most beautiful, with greenery sprouting all around.

Besides the natural beauty, the fabulous beaches and sunshine, travelers to Goa love the laid-back, peaceful, warm and friendly nature of the Goan people. After all, more than anywhere else on planet earth, this is a place where people really know how to relax.

GOA TRAVEL GUIDE:

 Like a child joyfully rotating a kaleidoscope and chuckling at the changing patterns, one just gets hooked on to Goa, the evergreen destination of India. Beauty can be quite inebriating especially when you are in India and when in Goa, you have so much of it - in the golden sands, the blue waters, the sylvan forests and the lakes.

Almost everyone who visits Goa, India usually does the normal tourist circuits including one or two beaches, bazaars of Mapusa, and Madgoan or Panajim. But that is not enough. Beauty, they say, is not skin deep. So, when in Goa India, you have to put in more days to fully savor the place, the pleasure of discovering a crab under a stone, churches of Old Goa, temples of small villages, and the thrill of walking on some of the best beaches in India full of crisp sea-shells. The mind stops thinking and the heart begin speaking. Such is the Goa that you may not have seen. Goa has more than 100 km of coastline and the sea has different shades to offer at various places. One can rest assured that the mood of the sea will not be repeated anywhere in Goa India. Enjoy the best time of your life with a trip to Goa, India. So, plan your next holiday trip to Goa and experience India at its best!

VISITING THE UNEXPECTED GOA

RIVERS OF GOA

Goa is also blessed with wide and wonderful rivers numbering seven in all. It is here that you realize how much more there is to Goa than its beaches and sea. The waters of the rivers are emerald green and ferry up any one of them will take you past fishermen with their nets spread out. On the sides are palm trees with green fields behind them. As you go past Old Catholic churches, you might just come across small white-sanded banks that are popularly called Coco or Sunny beaches. If not for anything else, stop to collect an awesome, colorful and varied of shells which can be found just lying around.

GOA VILLAGES

But if you are in the north of Goa, whatever you do don't miss going to Arambol (Harmal). It is actually a large village spread along the beach. You can ferry across an estuary from Chapora village and walk along the coast (around one hour) into the village. Or you can drive through Casuarine plantations through the brick red hills on a two kilometer long winding road. The approach road from Majorin, lined with swaying coconut palms, looks even more fresh and beautiful in the monsoons.

This beach is simply stunning. Tiny bays lead to a second bay and behind this is a small fresh water pool. Here, lying in its currents you can forget all your cares and give yourself a mud bath (it’s very good for the skin) or you could ride the waves of the ocean, swim in the bays or do whatever the heart pleases.

And when you head back, besides taking with yourself all the cherished memories, you will realize that there is much more still undiscovered of the beautiful, unspoiled

TEMPLES AND CHURCHES OF GOA

Goa, Jewel of India, is studded with temples and churches, which remain as silent but forceful witnesses to the intense religious history of the diverse people who lived here. Hence a pilgrimage to Goa is a unique experience.

 Goa Sightseeing

There are a number of Goa sightseeing options. Be it the beaches, churches or temples of Goa all attract tourists and travelers to the golden holiday destination

 BEACHES OF GOA

 For most of the people heading towards Goa, it is one long beach. But once they are there they realize this folly of them. Goa is a state though a small one and there is a large number of beaches, many towns and a good network of roads. It is a state of seven rivers and their estuaries, there are hills with lush green vegetation, and most of the tourists are needed to cover large distances to move from one place to other. Goa has a total coastline of 125 km and that makes people believe that it is a long big beach however illusionary it is.

Beaches of Goa are much ahead of other beaches in India in terms of popularity and the facilities that are available here. The beaches here have been accepted as a matter of life, there are exotic cuisine backing the pleasure of have on sun and sand, and water sports facilities that include from water scooters to water gliding. To add on you can shake your legs for some time with a glass of feni and beer, engaged in shopping on the beachside, or have midnight bonfire on the beach.

There are some more aspects of Goa beaches that attract tourists every year. Whatsoever times you have visited these beaches they tend to change their look and get new designs every new season. These beaches refurbish themselves every new season and enhance the excitement of visitors who are never tired of appreciating Goa. Out of 125 km of coastline the beaches of Goa cover not less than 83 km and there is one for you also waiting to be explored. Go and find it!

Beaches By The Miles

The Aguada Bay (parts of which are known as Caranzalem Bay and Sinquerim Bay) is formed by two promontories: Cabo and Aguada. Geomorphologists theorize that the Goan hills on the eastern side succumbed to the effects of erosion and fractured, while those on the western side stayed more or less stable. Mythologists and minstrels have more exciting stories about the promontories, which they believe were once the celestial playgrounds of voluptuous gods. Between science and myth stands a glorious reality - 40 lovely beaches, most of them pollution free, though not all of them as safe as swimmers would wish. The most developed beach segment is the Calangute - Baga - Anjuna belt in the Bardesh subdivision north of Panaji.

The north Goa beaches in Pernem subdivision are delightfully primitive and untouched: Keri beach (with Tiracol and an ancient Portuguese fort on the other bank); Arambol (also known as Harmal); Mandrem (a toddy tappers' and palm distillers' hamlet with two little beaches: Lemos and Asvem) and Morji. The local people are friendly and un-interfering, the markets fairly well stocked and the public transportation system reasonably efficient. By way of accommodation there are somewhat Spartan cottages and thatched huts.

The Chapora river demarcates the Bardesh subdivision, the home ground of several beaches: Chapora, Anjuna, Baga, Calangute, Candolim, Sinquerim and an inner beach, Quegdevelim, one of the few rocky beaches in Goa and also a shell collectors haven.

Off the Mandovi estuary, in the Tiswadi subdivision, there are little beaches which are both tranquil and well-connected.

Other beaches are: Caranzalem, Marvel, Dona Paula, Bambolim and Siridao, all in close proximity to Mormugao harbor. The Mormugao subdivision has a string of excellent beaches, like Bogmalo, Issorcim, Cola (a rich spawning ground for fish and crustaceans), Pale, Velsao, and Cansaulim. The Vasco da Gama beaches of Cumberthi and Baina are sadly, totally polluted and very nearly destroyed.

The Salcete subdivision accounts for Goa's widest and cleanest beaches. They are Gaudalim, Colva (Goa's largest beach), Benaulim, Mobor, Varca, Carmona, and Cavelossim, the latter now overcrowded with new hotels. Further south, are more beaches as primitive as those of the Pernem subdivision but much less frequently used by foreign tourists. Only adventurous campers dare there. Try them. The local gentry once owned exclusive shacks, which were used in the summer months.

There are also in the same subdivision of Canacona, the Palolem, Colamba, Talpona and Galgibaga beaches. That is where Goa ends. Across is the Karnatakan beach of Karwar and, somewhere in between, lost in the sea, the Goan island of Anjediva which the Portuguese epic poet Camoens once described as the "Island of Love" It is now a naval establishment and out of bounds for civilians without a special security clearance.

And some day soon, the coastal stretch between Goa and Bombay is going to be the scene of much treasure hunting. At least 200 ships were wrecked on the coast in the last two centuries alone. Though the voyage lists of most of the ships are mysteriously laconic about the cargo on board, it is known that at least six ships carried treasure consisting of the noble metals - the old terminology for silver and gold - and possibly gems and stones. Those days there were no port agents to meet the ships' expenses. So, each ship carried quite a few hundred kilograms of coins for disbursements of various kinds: wages, payment of stores and acquisition of goods. The 200 ships must be worth a fortune in terms of sunken cash chests alone

Anjuna Beach

With its fluorescent painted palm trees and infamous full moon parties, ANJUNA, 8-km west of Mapusa, is Goa at its most "alternative". Designer leather and lycra may have superseded cotton Kaftans, but most people's reasons for coming are the same as they were in the 1970s: dancing and lying on the beach slurping tropical fruit. While browsing in the area have a day trip to the famous flea market.

The Beach
One of the main sources of Anjuna's enduring popularity as a hippy hang out is its superb beach. Fringed by groves of swaying coconut palms, the curve of soft white sand conforms more closely to the archetypal vision of paradise than any other beach on the north coast. Bathing is generally safer than at most of the nearby resorts, too, especially at the more peaceful southern end, where a rocky headland keeps the sea calm and the undertow to a minimum.

North of the market ground, the beach broadens, running in an uninterrupted kilometer long stretch of steeply shelving sand to a low red cliff. The village bus park lies on top of this high ground, near a crop of small cafes, bars and Kashmiri handicraft stalls. Every lunch hour, tour parties from Panjim pull in here for a beer, before heading home again, leaving the ragged army of sun weary westerners to enjoy the sunset

Baga Beach

A Charming Combination Of Land And Sea
Baga, 10-km west of Mapusa, is basically an extension of Calangute; even the locals are unable to decide where ends and the other begin. Lying in the lee of a rocky, wooded headland, the only difference between this far northern end of the beach and its more congested centre is that the scenery here is marginally more varied and picturesque.

A small river flows into the sea at the top of the village, below a broad spur of soft white sand, from where a dirt track strikes across an expanse of paddy fields towards Anjuna. The old red tiled fishers houses behind the dunes have long been swamped by gaudily lit bars, Tandoori terrace restaurants and handicraft shops, but one doesn't feel quite so hemmed in as at Calangute.

 Benaulim Beach

According to Hindu mythology Goa was created when the sage Shri Parasurama, Lord Vishnu's sixth incarnation, fired an arrow into the sea from the top of the Western Ghats and ordered the waters to recede. The spot where the shaft fell to earth, known in Sanskrit as "Banali" and later corrupted by the Portuguese to Benaulim, lies in the centre of Colva Beach, 7-km west of Margao.
 

A Sleepy Village
Only a decade ago, this fishing and rice-farming village, scattered around the coconut groves and paddy fields between the main Colva-Mobor Road and the dunes, had barely made it onto the backpackers map. Now, the shady lane leading through it is studded with guesthouses and souvenir stalls while the paddy fields on the outskirts are gradually disappearing under a rash of gigantic luxury resorts and time-share apartment blocks. For the time being, however, this remains a peaceful and welcoming place to unwind.

Either side of the sand blown beachfront, the gently shelving sands shimmer away almost to the horizon, littered with photogenic wooden fishing boats that provide welcome shade if the walk from the palm trees to the sea gets too much. Hawkers, itinerant masseurs and fruit wallahs appear from time to time, but one can easily escape them by heading south towards neighbouring Varca, where tourism has thus far made little impact.

Moreover, the sea is safe for swimming, being generally jellyfish-free, while the village itself boasts a few serviceable bars and restaurants, several telephone booths and a couple of stores.

 Bogmolo Beach

Immediately south of the airport, the Mormugao peninsula's sun parched central plateau tumbles to a flat-bottomed valley lined with coconut trees and redbrick huts. The sandy beach at the end of the cove would be even more picturesque were it not for the monstrous multi-storey edifice perched above it. Until Oberoi erected a huge five star hotel here, Bogmalo was just another small fishing village, hemmed in by a pair of palm fringed headlands at the northern end of Colva bay.

A Former Fishing Village, Today's Tourist Hangout
The village is still present at Bogmalo, complete with a tiny-whitewashed Chapel and gangs of hogs nosing through the rubbish, but its environs have been transformed. Pricey café-bars blaring Western music have crept up the beach, while the clearing below the hotel is prowled by assiduous Kashmiri handicraft vendors.

Even so, compared with Calangute or Colva, Bogmalo is still a small-scale resort. As long as one hasn't come to Goa to get away from it all or party all night, then one'll find Bogmalo congenial enough. The beach is clean and not too crowded, the water reasonably safe for swimming, and there are plenty of places to eat, drink and shop. If, on the other hand, one is looking for somewhere not yet, on the package tourist map, one'll be better off further south, at the far end of Colva Beach or beyond.

Diving at Bogmalo

A small dive school recently opened up in Bogmalo and is one of the few places in India where one can do PADI-approved Open water diving courses. Operating out of Joet's guesthouse, at the far end of the beach, the British run outift also offers half day "Try Dives" for novices, guided dives to shipwreck sites and coral beds off the coast and tuition for more advanced qualifications.

 Calangute Beach

A Topping On Tourist Pie
A mere 45 minute bus ride up the coast from the capital, Calangute is Goa's busiest and most commercialized resort, and the flagship of the state government's bid for a bigger slice of India's package-tourist pie. In the 1970s and early 1980s, this once peaceful fishing Village epitomized Goa's reputation as a haven for hedonistic hippies.

The Town And The Beach
The road from the town to the beach is lined with Kashmiri-run handicraft boutiques and Tibetan stalls selling Himalayan curios and jewellery. The quality of the goods - mainly Rajasthani, Gujarati and Karnatakan textiles - is generally high. Haggle hard and don't be afraid to walk away from a heavy sales pitch - the same stuff crops up every Wednesday at Anjuna's flea market.

The beach itself is nothing special, with steeply shelving sand, but is more than large enough to accommodate the huge numbers of high-season visitors.

To escape the hawkers, head fifteen minutes or so south of the main beachfront area, towards the rows of old wooden boats moored below the dunes. In this virtually hawker-free zone, one'll only come across teams of villagers hauling in hand nets at high tide or fishermen fixing their tack under bamboo sun shakes.

Cavelosim Beach

Sleepy Cavelossim, straddling the coast road 11-km south of Colva, is the last major settlement in southwest Salcete: its only claim to fame. A short way beyond the village's picturesque church square, a narrow lane veers left across an open expanse of paddy fields to the Cavelossim-Assolna ferry crossing near the mouth of the Sal River.

If one is heading south to Canacona, turn left off the ferry and carry on as far as Assolna Bazaar, clustered around a junction on the main road. A right turn at this crossroads puts you on track for Canacona.

MABOR
Carry straight on at the junction just past the square in Cavelossim and one'll eventually arrive at Mobor, where Colva beach fades into a rounded sandy spur at the mouth of the Assolna River. This would be an exquisite spot if it weren't the site of South Goa's largest, and most obtrusive, package tourist enclave.

Crammed together on to a narrow spit of dunes between the surf and estuary, the holiday inns and beach resorts combine to create a holiday camp ambience that has as little to do with Goa as their architecture.

Chapora Beach

A Leisure Paradise
Crouched in the shadow of a Portuguese fort on the opposite, northern side of the headland from Vagator, Chapora, 10-km from Mapusa, is a lat busier than most north coast villages. Dependent on fishing and boat building, it has, to a great extent, retained a life of its own independent of tourism. The workaday indifference to the annual invasion of Westerners is most evident on the main street, lined with as many regular stores as travelers cafes and restaurants.

It's unlikely that Chapora will ever develop into a major resort, either. Tucked away under a dense canopy of trees on the muddy southern shore of a river estuary, it lacks both the space and the white sand that have pulled crowds to Calangute and Colva.

The Pit Stop
If one has one's own transport however, Chapora is a good base from which to explore the region: Vagator is on the doorstep, Anjuna is a short ride to the south, and the ferry crossing at Siolim --gateway to the remote north of the state - is barely fifteen minutes away by road. The village is also well connected by bus to Mapusa, and there are plenty of sociable bars and cafes to hang out in. Apart from the guesthouses along the main road, most of the places to stay are long stay houses in the woods.

Chapora Old fort
Chapora's chief landmark is its venerable Old Fort, most easily reached from the Vagator side of the hill. At low tide, one can also walk around the bottom of the headland, via the anchorage, and the secluded coves beyond it, to big Vagator, then head up the hill from there

Colva Beach

A hot season retreat for Margao's moneyed middle classes since long before Independence, Colva is the oldest and largest of South Goa's resorts. Its leafy outlying 'Vaddos', or wards are pleasant enough, dotted with colonial style villas and ramshackle fishing huts. The beachfront is a collection of concrete hotels, souvenir stalls and fly blown snack bars strewn around a central roundabout.

Each afternoon, busloads of visitors from out of state mill around here after a paddle on the crowded foreshore, pestered by postcard wallahs and the little urchins whose families camp on the outskirts. If, however, one wants to steer clear of this central market area, and stick to the cleaner, greener outskirts, Colva can be a pleasant and convenient place to stay for a while. Swimming is relatively safe while the sand, at least away from the beachfront, is spotless and scattered with beautiful shells.

Dona Paula

At the place where two of Goa's famous rivers meet the Arabian Sea is the secluded bay of Dona Paula with a fine view of the Marmagao Harbour. 7-km from Panjim, nestled on the south side of the rocky, hammer-shaped headland that divides the Zuari and Mandovi estuaries, this former fishing village is nowadays a commercialized resort. This is an idyllic spot to relax and sunbathe. Water scootering facilities are also available over here.

The official residence of the Governor of Goa, Known as Cabo Raj Bhavan is situated on the westernmost tip of Dona Paula. Along the road leading to this place lies the ruins of the small military cemetery the British built at their brief occupation of the Cabo, to deter the French from invading Goa.

A Love Story
Named after Dona Paula de Menezes, this place is called the Lovers Paradise due to a myth that has been attached to this place. According one legend the Viceroy's daughter after facing objections from her family about her love affair with a poor fisherman jumped of the cliff.

Another legend says that punished for captivating Francisco de Tavora, the Count of Alvor with her charm the Viceroy's daughter was pushed off a cliff to drown in the waters below. Her irrepressible spirit still continues to haunt every visitor with legends of her lovers. She is even supposed to have been seen emerging from moonlit waves wearing only a pearl necklace.
Water Sports
Tranquil and blue, Dona Paula unravel the ultimate in aquatic sport and fun.Dona Paula Sports Club, Dona Paula offers some of the best water sports facilities to the sports enthusiasts including Water-scooter rides, Motor-boat rides, etc.

 Miramar Beach

On the way to Dona Paula, 1-km ahead of the confluence of the Arabian Sea and Mandvi River, under the palm shade, is "Gasper Dias" or Miramar Beach and is just 3-km away from the capital city of Panjim.

In Portuguese language 'Miramar' stand for viewing the sea. Situated on a good location for evening walks, the coast is spread upto 2-km, having a fine silvery sand bed. From here one has an excellent view of the Aguada fort just across the Mandovi River.

Pololem Beach

The Tiny Bay
Palolem, 2-km west of Chaudi, pops up more often in glossy holiday brochures than any other beach in Goa; not because the village is a major package tour destination, but because its crescent shaped bay lined with a swaying curtain of coconut palms, is irresistibly photogenic. Hemmed in by a pair of wooded headlands, a perfect curve of white sand arcs north from a pile of hug boulders to the spur of Sahyadri Ghat, which here tapers into the sea.

Until recently foreign tourists were few and far between in Palolem. Over the past five or six years, however, increasing numbers of budget travellers have begun to find their way here, and the village is now far from the undiscovered idyll it used to be, with a string of cafes, Karnatakan hawkers and a tent camp crowding the beachfront.

Souvenir stalls have also sprung up, catering mainly for the mini-van and boat parties of charter tourists on day trips from resorts further north. In spite of these encroachments, Palolem remains a resolutely traditional village, where the easy pace of life is dictated more by the three daily rounds of Todi (also spelt as Toddy) tapping than the exigencies of tourism.

 Vagator Beach

Barely a couple of kilometres of cliff tops and parched grassland separate Anjuna from the southern fringes of its nearest neighbour, Vagator. A desultory collection of ramshackle farmhouses and picturesque old Portuguese bungalows scattered around a network of leafy lanes, the village is entered at the east via a branch off the Mapusa Road, which passes a few small guesthouses and restaurants before running down to the sea.

Dominated by the red ramparts of Chapora Fort, Vagator's broad white sandy beach - Big Vagator Beach also known, as "Little Vagator" is undeniably beautiful, just like a picture postcard.

For better, then, to head to the next cove south. Backed by a steep wall of crumbling palm-fringed laterite, Ozran Vagator beach is more secluded and much less accessible than either of its neighbours. To get there, walk ten minutes from Big Vagator, or drive to the end of the lane off the main Chapora-Anjuna Road, from where a footpath drops sharply down to a wide stretch of level white sand.

At this southern end of the beach, a row of makeshift cafes provides shade and sustenance for a predominantly Israeli crowd. Like Anjuna, Vagator is a relaxed, comparatively undeveloped resort that appeals, in the main, to budget travellers with time on their hands. Accommodation is limited, however, and visitors frequently find themselves traveling to and from Baga every day to find a suitable place to stay.

Varca Beach

HONEYMOON IN GOA

Destinations Goa: Picture Perfect
The scintillating combination of Sun, surf, sand and sea makes Goa one of the picture perfect destinations in India. For the romantic start of your life check out: golden Goa. If heaven were a place on Earth Goa would be the destination.

Honeymoon in Goa: Ideal Gifts
Gorgeous Goa is the perfect place for honeymoon. Honeymoon in Goa ensures development of a special bond between couples. Even gifting a special package for your family and friends for honeymoon in Goa makes an exciting option. The exotic locales, captivating celebrations together with the nature at its best make honeymoon in Goa memorable.

Honeymoon in Goa: All through the year
Goa is a perfect tourist spot all through the year. So regardless of the fact that you are getting married in summers, winters or monsoons Goa is the perfect honeymoon destination.

Honeymoon in Goa: Hot and Happening
Honeymoon in Goa is sure to work magic on your marriage. Love is in the air in Goa when the rain starts to pour. Monsoon Magic of Goa is a must check out for the newly weds as well as all those in love. Goa has been the hot and happening honeymoon destination since long. The beauty of the destination has attracted several couples.

 THE CARNIVAL

lManha de Carnival! Remember the song? It is a Brazilian song, very popular the world over, which celebrates the return of joy: alegria voltou

The joy returns every year for less than a week-five days in Brazil, four nights in Goa-before Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent which was once a dreary season of penance and abstinence-40 long week days preceding Easter Sunday.

It was a way to “put away flesh” carelevvare in Old Italian. Carn meant flesh, and leavare to remove. But levare could also mean to raise, perhaps to raise the way the Brazilians seem to interpret it.

A playboy writer assigned the task of reporting on Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, was stunned at the way it was celebrated. Men, women, boys and girls went their own way, did their own thing, remorselessly, unaccountably-without compunctions. And at the end of it, no questions were asked and no lies told. The cavaliers returned to their hovels in the slums, the fazendiros to their gorgeous ranches, and at the samba clubs the preparations started afresh for the next year’s processions, balls and street dances.

History of Goan Carnival

Carnival in Goa was a great leveler. Early accounts-all of them hearsay-are indeed educative. The white masters masqueraded as black slaves and the latter-generally slaves brought in from Mozambique-plastered their faces with flour and wore high battens, or walked on stilts. For those three ephemeral days, they were happy to be larger than life. And while the whites and the blacks mimicked each other the brown locals watched this reversal of roles in awe from the sidelines.

In course of time, when the imperial regime mellowed and inhibitions dwindled, Carnival, no more an excuse to be what one was not—and often hoped to be—became a time for bonhomie. The old crude mimicry blossomed into social satire. In the villages, the playwrights pieced together in Khel (Konkani for play) anecdotes, events and criticism. The Portuguese Governor General, his family and retinue used the occasion for a show of diplomacy. They showered the crowds with poudre de riz and confetti, and were happy to be showered back. At the Carnival balls, the governor-general danced with whom he pleased-provided, of course the lady agreed to the request. And anyone was free to ask the governor-general’s wife for a dance. And if the tangoit was the tango they danced cheek-to-cheek, hip-to-hip.

Once, Carnival was a mood. It had no spectators and it was strictly for participants. From dawn to dusk and back to dawn again, they sang and danced, changed costumes and partners and serenaded their namorados, girlfriends, escorted by their guardians; the debutantes giggled and grouped their first masqued ball. Those who feel in love during Carnival married after Easter.

BEYOND THE SUNNY BEACHES

An Ecotourist’s Guide
to the Wildlife Sanctuaries of Goa

 Goa: Cozily nestled between the rumbling waves of the Arabian Sea and the rising hump of the Western Ghats is the small emerald land - Goa, where palm fringed shore of India’s western coast spills over with the bounty of nature.

In course of time, Goa has touched the hearts of visitors in many ways. Goa is fascinating from the sandy beaches and sunny resorts to the mighty forts and memorable monuments.

Goa also provides a natural habitat to a range of birds and animals in the midst of a rich vegetation, well preserved as wildlife sanctuaries. Untouched and unspoilt by pollution, they are beckoning.

Come and experience these unique places of flora and fauna. The sunkissed, wind-touched and rain-washed wildlife world.

A sojourn away from the dust and din of the city, that offers a cool respite.

About the Wildlife Protected Areas of Goa
Around 755 sq. km i.e. 20 percent of the total geographical area of 3702 sq. km of the state has been constituted into wildlife protected areas to afford complete protection to the natural fauna and flora and to conserve the unique biological diversity of the State. These areas are located along the verdant Western Ghats - one of the richest reservoirs of biodiversity in the world. The section that lie within Goa (the Sahyadris) and which dominates its ecosystem readily reflects this bewildering complexity in plant, animal and bird life.

The highly undulating terrain and the thickly wooded lots test the patience of the visitors intent on quickly sighting land animals. While you wait to sight the fauna these sanctuaries have to offer, it is, however well worth your while to luxuriate also in the peace and silence of the majestic moist deciduous and semi evergreen forests, dense and green with tall trees, lianas, vines, climbers, ground flora and fauna. The hills and valleys are lush green and cotton like clouds roll freely in the area.

The common fauna found in these sanctuaries are Indian bison, sambar, cheetal, barking deer, mouse deer, hog deer, sloth bear, black faced langur, wild boar, giant squirrel etc. And carnivores like leopard, jungle cat, wild dog, civets, jackals etc. The reptilian fauna is also very rich and a wide variety of snakes, monitor lizards and crocodiles can be seen. Elephants and tigers frequently visit these sanctuaries from across the borders. A diverse variety of colourful birds mesmerizes the visitors with its enchanting beauty and unbelievable cacophony also found in these sanctuaries to keep the birdwatcher busy amidst thick woods.

Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary
With just 8 sq. km. area, Bondla is rather small. However, it boasts of a Mini Zoo, Deer Safari Park, Formal Gardens, Botanic Gardens and Ecotourism Cottages.

Late evenings and nights are very pleasant Bondla is a paradise for ecotourists.

The area is covered with moist deciduous forests, with small patches of evergreens and canes along the nullahs. The state tree Terminalia Crenulata (Matti) and Rosewood are common here.

Gaur, the state animal is frequently seen here. Panther, jungle cat, leopard cat, toddy cat, deer, wild boars, procupines, ant eaters, squirrels are some of the other animals here. Over a hundred species of birds are also residents.

What to see
Zoological Park - A tiny Zoo permits one to see the fauna of Goa in mooted enclosures with natural surroundings. Animal exhibits include elephant, Panther, Lion, Gaur, Sambar, Deers, Sloth Bear, Porcupine, Wild Boar, Crocodiles, Reptiles etc.

Deer Safari Park - Visitors can move among deers in vehicles inside the sprawling Deer Safari Park housing Sambar and Spotted Deers.

Formal Gardens - Spacious lawns, exotic trees, Varieties of roses, and colourful flowering plants in the middle of the forest do please the eye.

Botanical Gardens - The large collection of plants is of interest to students.

Nature Education Centre - The NEC houses several exhibits, which visitors can see, feel and interpret. An attached library provides details to the inquisitive, and video and cine movies are screened on request.

Birdlife - Bondla is home to over a hundred bird species. For details on bird-watching areas contact the Park Range Office.

Wild Animals - For those seeking greater adventure and excitement, we have watch-towers where wild animals like Gaur, Sambar, Wild Boar can be seen at water-holes However, sighting of animals is mere luck.

Nature Trails - For the more energetic the Nature Trails provide information simultaneously affording opportunities to see nature as it is.

Archeological exhibit - One of the best worked images of deity “Gajalaxmi” with several motives in bold relief belonging to the period between VI and VIII century venerated by ancient settlers are located here.

The zoo, deer safari, and garden are closed for public on Thursdays.,

Where to stay?
This sanctuary has been developed with a view to accommodate day as well as overnight visitors. It has furnished ecotourism cottages, which can accommodate 24 persons and 2 dormitories with a total of 48 beds. A spacious restaurant “The Den” adequately caters to the food requirement of the visitor.

Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary & Mollem National Park
Jointly they form the largest contiguous wildlife protected area, covering 240 sq. kms in Goa. Thick forests varying from moist deciduous to evergreen types can be seen here.

The dense vegetation provides ample cover to wild animals. If you are lucky, the largest herbivore - the magnificent Gaur can be seen here. Other herbivores found here are: Deer, Wild Boar, and many more. The carnivores - Tiger, Panther, Jungle Cat and Leopard cat can also be seen. By & large the sightings are poor.

Besides flora and fauna there are many important geographical and historical features in this sanctuary.

Dudhsagar falls is the highest and largest waterfalls of Goa, hidden in the bowl shaped evergreen valley in the Western Ghats.

What to See?
Dudhsagar Falls - Hidden away in an evergreen valley in the Westerm Ghats the highest and largest waterfalls of Goa, cascades down 306 mts in two segments, 10 km from Collem is a trekking paradise.

Devil’s Canyon - A formation of rock broken into criss-cross sections and under water passages through which Dudshsagar river flows with great turbulence.

Lord Mahadev’s Temple -This 13th Century A.D. temples is the only one constructed from black basalt in Goa. It is 13 km from Mollem, situated at Tambdi Surla.

Nature Interpretation Centre - Located at Mollem within the Park Complex, It is a store house of information on nature, environment and wildlife.

Ghat Road- A drive along NH 4 upto the border of Goa is full of scenic and memorable facets of the Landscape.

Sunset Point- Combine the charm and beauty, commanding extensive panoramic view of hills and valleys. The sunset and sunshine can be seen at the same time from here on a full moon evening. A spot to have a data with nature. While you are there watch out for the sloth bear and our state animal- Gaur. Get a telescope view of the blue water of Arabian Sea and golden beaches. Experience the thrill of negotiating the meandering 9 km track with your own four wheeler.

Bhandaras and Mineral water springs - Beckons you with the awe-inspiring sight of magnificent wildlife.

Bolcornem Nursery - Cradle for the future forest formations, ideal for field study.

Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
Spread over 1.78 sq.kms, this sanctuary is located on the western end of the island of Chorao along River Mandovi near Panaji.

The whole area has Mangrove vegetation of 14 different species and is covered by a network of criss-cross water channels having tidal variations. It is a suitable habitat for plankton, shrimps, prawns and small fish.

During winter, between November and January, migratory birds flock in thousands to feed on the banks of river Mandovi, adjoining the sanctuary. Apart from that, a number of resident birds and a few animals can also be seen inside the sanctuary.

Watch Towers provide an excellent view of the sanctuary and its birdlife. To get a feel of mangrove vegetation boats and canoes can be hired run by private people from Chorao jetty.

With the variety of colourful resident & migratory birds, mangrove flora & fauna, and the lush green surrounding with the Mandovi water flowing through the creeks, particularly during low tide it is a feast to the eyes to this totally different ecosystem and feel its enchanting beauty amidst the calls of birds break the silence which mesmerizes the visitors one can wake on. Raised pathways camouflaged by mangrove vegetation to commune with nature. A boat ride in the early misty hours of the morning can be magical. An intricate network of shimmering waterways embroider the richly green lanscape adding charm to every details of the mangrove.

Location:
Chorao Island is 5 km from Panaji, Margao is 40 km away, and Bicholim is at a distance of 18 km. The sanctuary is located on the west end of the island. It is accessible by ferry from Ribandar, which is on the southern bank of the river Mandovi.

What you can experience?
Boat and Canoe Excursion. As tidal water imposes some restrictions on the movement inside the sanctuary, you can use boats during high tide and canoes during low tide. Boats and canoes are available on hire. Motor boats are not allowed to operate inside the sanctuary to avoid noise pollution.

Birds Eye-View- You can go up the watch-tower, and get an excellent view of the sanctuary and its wildlife.

Birds Feeding: Take a look at birds feeding in the river waters. You will enjoy it.

Besides birds at Dr. Salim Ali Sanctuary, one may stroll through the magnificent Mangrove forests in tranquility. Pneumatophores (aerial respiratory roots) are clearly visible during the low tides. The main species are Rhizophora, Avicennia, Brugueria, Exocaria, Sonneratia etc.

Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary
This sanctuary is representative of the ecosystem of the Western Ghats region. Which is located on southern end of Goa abutting Karnataka.

Leafy trees of the moist deciduous type densely cover this area. Some of those are among the loftiest ones, attaining heights of about 30 metres.

Though there are many animals, they are all scattered in small pockets at various spots inside the sanctuary. However, birds are aplenty throughout. About 200 species could be seen, including the Indian Pied Hornbill, Larger Golden Backed Woodpecker And the Great Indian Woodpecker.

The Nature Interpretation Centre at the sanctuary houses wildlife exhibits and a library, which are open to all visitors.

Things of Interest to Ecotourists

* Dense Multistoried Forests with tall trees and rare plants where hardly any light reaches the ground.
* Perennial streams (Talpons river) and picturesque undulating terrain with a variety of wildlife, a paradise for birdwatchers.
*Acient Jeevothan Partagal Math noted for vedic studies is in the vicinity of sanctuary. An ancient Banyan Tree here which covers vast area is a botanical miracle.
* Nature interpretation centre with exhibits and mini-library, which is a great source of information to the visitor.
*Watch towers, Water holes, Bhandaras, Salt licks for viewing animals. - The sight of wild animals moving casually in their natural habitat is a refreshing experience.

* The Bela lake, where one can relax in fresh air after a long promenade through the forests, amidst the sylvan serenity of wooded plains. The solitude tranquility, gentle breeze and stars spangled sky here are all enchanting beyond words.
* The tree top at Bhutpal - whose immediate environment affords a sylvan and peaceful retreat for body and mind- and wake to the tune of chirping birds and rustling leaves.
* Plantations with a host of variety of insects & butterflies.
* An exciting place for cycling and trekking, offers some of the finest vistas of the undulating terrain.
* Films on nature & wildlife on 16 mm screen.
* Gurgling Waters and Gathering Spots, ideal picnic spots or to laze.
* Early settlers living in their traditional ways, its distinct social and cultural life.
* The Famous temple of Parshurama, who according to the mythology created Goa, is situated opposite Forest Rest House.
* Turtle Nesting Sites at Galgibag & Agonda Beaches.
* Ancient temple at Kuskem is well worth exploring

INTERESTING ECO-TOURISTIC SPOTS BEYOND THE WILDLIFE PROTECTED AREAS

Sacred groves - located at Bambar in Satari Taluka is the abode of rare medicinal plants refuse for a unique forest- classified ads Myristca Swamp Forest having great ecological significance. This grove is known to exist for the last 250 year and the reigning deity is the God”Nirankar”. one of the unique features of the trees in this habitat is the presence of numerous aerial roots in the shape of u, arching the mud.

Cumbarjua Canal - 15 km. stretch of water, Link Zuari with Mandovi river, a vibrant mangrove habitat, home for fresh water or marsh crocodile and migratory birds. Boat cruise packages are being thoughtfully designed by enthusiastic people to give visitors most memorable experience. The enchanting journey will take through the river to the picturesque back waters.

Mayem lake - A calm spread of water with geese and pedal boats in the midst of green hills is an exciting experience, where one can commune with nature. As you drive to the lake, the picturesque countryside with lovely villages and smiling folks on the way, offers a spectacular sight.

Turtle Nesting Sites - Morjim, Galgibag and Agonda beaches- the largest nesting places of the giant olive ridley turtle. An amazing phenomenon of nature, this is a regular annual occurrence since 1997-98. While earlier it was hunting ground for sea turtles, today it is a modal conservation centre for turtles.

Carambolim Lake - Adding to the charm of the quiet village of Carambolim is the scenic reservoir fringed by lush greenery. Migratory birds seek this verdant landscape every year to frolic in the natural splendor till the end of the season. The cacophony of 80 different varieties of birds is unbelievable, tending to their young in the mixed heronries on the aquatic vegetation. Jacanas with their iridescent colours and the spectacular purple moorhens can be seen delicately treading over the floating vegetation.

Satpal arboratum - Established in 1972, is about 3 kms from Mollem. A number of research plots have been laid here. The Arboratum is ideally suited to meet the requirement of students for their field studies.

Netravalli lake - This lake in Sanguem Taluka has unique characteristics; there are continuous bubbles emerging on the lake surface, and upon clapping the intensity of the bubbles grow, with live springs, which suddenly gushes out in full spectacle.

Kesarval springs - Flowing thorough the woods at Quelossim off the Panjim-Margao Highway NH-17, the spring emerges from hard and compact rocks and people bathe in its water with strong belief that it has medicinal properties. Besides this spring, the springs at Socoile (Fort Aguada), Pomburpa, (Fondvem), Candolim, Camurlim in Bardez taluka. Keri in Ponda, Maina in Battim village - Tiswadi Taluka are others of interest. This waters run unadvertised; though full of health and curative power.

Arvalem Water fall - in Bicholim Taluka is set amidst verdure and sylvan surroundings. At this beautiful spot, streams tricks as they make their way through the landscape and waters roar as they cascade down the mountains from a height of 70 ft. The forests here offer a soothing canopy. One can descend the staircase to look at a majestic waterfall shedding its exuberant silvery showers. The fall is best seen when in full flux just after the copious monsoon, when it presents a rapturous, ravishing and riotous aspect.

Arvalem Caves - The celebrated caves of Arvalem, belonging to a remote era, are in a westerly direction not far away from the temple of Rudreshwar and are of archaeological interest. A mythical background is attached to these caves.

Salaulim dam - The monochromatic landscape, its silent, serene splendor beckons the travelor to relax secured in the secluded warmth of nature. A quaint picnic spot ideal for a languorous break is an exhilarating experience.

Wildlife & Bird Sanctuaries

Goa is enriched with a fascinating diversity of wild life including birds and mammals. It is estimated that this region harbours some 48 genera of mammals, 276 genera of birds and 60 genera of reptiles. Preservation of wildlife is one of the priority concerns of the Government. The Government has set up 3 wild life sanctuaries and 1 bird sanctuary, which revel in their scenic beauty, large tracts of wilderness and varieties of fauna.

 The important mammalian species include deer, ox, wild boar, bear, hyena, panther, wild cat, sloth, monkey, Indian elephant, squirrel, bat and dolphin. The common birds include cormorant, coot, openbill stork, kingfisher, drongo, bulbul and weaver bird, besides dove, parrot, vulture, kite, quail and hoopoe.

BHAGVAN MAHAVIR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - MOLEM
Situated along the North-East border of Goa at Molem, about one-and-a-half hours' journey from Panaji (60 kms.) along Panaji Belgaum National Highway, the Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife sanctuary covers 240 sq. kms of thick forest clad slopes of Western Ghats and its valleys and is the biggest of the three sanctuaries of Goa. The sanctuary is rich in wildlife. It is a paradise for bird watchers. Besides flora and fauna there are many important geological and historical features in this sanctuary. Dudhsagar falls, about an hour's journey from Colem by train, is a feast for the eyes. The "Devil canyon" is another beautiful geological spot. The famous Tambdi Surla temple is about 13 kms. from Molem. The Dept. of Tourism has built comfortable cottages and dormitories for tourists.

BONDLA FOREST

COTIGAO WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - COTIGAO
The second largest of the three wildlife sanctuaries in Goa, with an area of 105 sq. kms. is located at about 85 kms. from Panaji, 75 kms. from the Dabolim airport ad 50 kms. from Margao in Canacona Taluka in South Goa, nearly 3 kms. off the Panaji-Mangalore National Highway No. 17. It is covered with dense forest and varied wildlife, avian fauna and reptiles. The ancient Jeevottam Partagal Math, noted for Vedic studies, lies in the vicinity of the sanctuary. Plans are afoot to develop eco-tourism in this sanctuary at Hatipal Eco-Tourism Complex. There is nature interpretation centre with mini library located in the eco-tourism complex.

SALIM ALI BIRD SANCTUARY - CHORAO, PANAJI
Spread over 1.78 sq. kms. and located at the western tip of the island of Chorao along river Mandovi near Panaji, it is fully covered with mangrove species. Varieties of local as well as migratory birds frequently visit the area. This sanctuary can be visited any time of the year with the permission of the Chief Wild Life Warden, Forest Department, Junta House, Panaji, Goa. The sanctuary is approachable by walk after crossing over by ferry from Raibandar to Chorao. There are some private parties who take tourists around in their canoes fitted with outboard motors.

The Government has recently notified two additional wild life sanctuaries viz., Model Wildlife Sanctuary at Valpoi and Netrarali Wildlife Sanctuary at Sanguem.

ADVENTURE SPORTS:

 Water sports are a prime and exciting option on a vacation in Goa. Goa’s splendid coastline, rivers and lakes make it the perfect place for some thrilling aquatic sport activities. Surfing, snorkeling, jet-skiing, boogie boarding, scuba diving, water-skiing, parasailing, windsurfing, and deep sea fishing are just some of the water sports that can be enjoyed here!

And the best part about enjoying water sport in Goa is that all you need is loads of enthusiasm and you’ll have an absolutely unforgettable time. Some of the most popular aquatic sports in Goa are a swishing ride on a water scooter or a speedboat at Dona Paula or a leisurely sail on a paddleboat on the picturesque Mayem Lake.

Other exciting watersports like scuba diving off Grand Island or paragliding are available at Arambol beach or Bogmalo beach.

To enjoy these sports, one has to have the grit and should be done under expert guidance and even if one is a newcomer to these sports, one can get expert instructions to learn and enjoy the thrill of diving or para gliding. Windsurfing has proved enormously popular and Goa's almost endless array of coastal and inland waterways have given rise to numerous national windsurfing events.

WATER SPORTS OPTIONS IN GOA :
Surfing in Goa
Even if there aren't many secluded beaches located in Goa, still for wind surfing you do not exactly require seclusion. Beaches such as Calangute, Colva, Pololem, Vagator, Baga, Dona Paula, Miramar and Bogmolo are considered idyllic spots for surfing under the brilliant sun. Blue and tranquil, these beach destinations have come as the ultimate choice in aqua sports fun.

Most of the windsurfing trainers and experts call Dona Paula bay as the ideal site to start of wind surfing, especially if you are new to this sport. The conditions here are almost lake-like for from both the wind and sea point of view. The light and steady morning breeze works just right for learners; while stronger winds that set in during the afternoons offer a perfect challenge for the more experienced surfers. The surfing is catching the popularity airwaves in Goa and some of the major surfing sports event that are recently introduced include Windsurfing Regatta and Open Board Sailing Competition that lasts up to a week.

Sailing in Goa
Sailing is another pleasant experience that any sport lover as well as beach lover would love to try out. It's the best recreational and relaxation activity for your beach vacation in Goa. Dinghies are available for hire at the various beach resorts and hotels in Goa and can accommodate about three to four people comfortably.

Water Skiing in Goa
Do you like speed? Especially when it comes to swooshing on water, then water skiing is a sport for you and there's no better option then Goa for a water skier to cure his hunger for this water sport in India. Take up a speedboat and venture into the sea for a thrilling skiing experience. These boats can carry between six to eight people, are available at the various beach resorts, water sports clubs and hotels in Goa and one can also opt them for sightseeing on the coastal areas of Goa.

Scuba Diving in Goa
The shipwrecks belonging to the colonial period of the Portuguese have become a major shelter of the marine life that is found in the underwater world of Goa. To check out the mysterious marine life of Goa, there are plenty of diving options available in Goa. Most of the diving activities take place around the Grande Island and the most common sites include Suzy's Wreck, Davy Jones Locker, Sail Roack, Turbo Tunnel, Surge City, Uma Guma Reef and Bounty Bay.

A four-hour high-speed boat ride takes you the world-class dive site of Angria Bank, 120 miles away from Goa. This island offers an amazing wealth of coral and fishes to the divers. Pigeon Island is another dive site near Goa that has interesting marine life as well as good visibility. Some interesting shallow dive sites are available in the waters between Vengurla and Malvan, and it’s just a 2 hour journey from Panaji.

 Bull Fights

It doesnt pay to abe a matador in goa. Here, bullfights are between two bulls, no matador needed. The fighting season starts around early October and lasts till May. The most popular locations are in one of the villages around Panjim like Taleigao (the most famous fights are held here), Santa Cruz or Caranzalem. They are also held near and around Margao in south Goa at the villages of Velsao and Benaulim. The fights usually begin around 4 pm, after siesta to the sound of taped Konkani music.

Goa is a paradise for water sports lovers. The long coastal area offers wonderful opportunities to indulge in all sorts of water-sport activites. The goan coast has always appealed beach lovers and sports lovers to try on some new watery excitement. Surf the seas or float across the skies, the options of sport enjoyment are never ending in Goa.

And who can forget the under water world where there's so much to see. Even if Goa isn't having any magnificent coral reefs, still it boasts with a variety of fascinating marine life. One can never get tired of scuba diving into the wreckage of the colonial ships that belong to the Portuguese. The para sailing, water-skiing and wind surfing will take your breath away. If you are a learner, you can take some diving lessons or embark on fishing trips and Dolphin cruises.

Dinghy Sailing
Dinghies are available for hire at the Cidade de Goa and the Taj Holiday Village. These 15-odd feet long crafts carry 3 to 4 people conveniently and is gaining tremendous popularity now days in Goa.

Other Activities:
Casinos
Most leisure and thrilling activity of Goa lies in its Casinos, with popular games like roulette, blackjack, baccarat and craps. The casinos are an amalgamation of urbane elegance and generous local warm reception. Try out fate in the casinos scattered all across Goa - the stately charm of Las Vegas or in Caravella.

Rave Parties
Rave parties are life of Goa- full of dance, music and jest, and can be engaging pass times for tourists. These parties are organized every night around the time of New Year and Christmas, and are under strict control ever since Goa Tourism took over the charge to promote market tourism over peregrinator in Goa.

Leading The Eco-Trail

For Goa though, eco-tourism is just a synonym for the very essence of the destination, be it sun, sand or surf. Perhaps, what’s changed is the ambit of eco-tourism which hitherto was a complacently narrow one, embracing the beaches. It’s been one long and hedonistic party stretching back to the 60’s but the hippies have gotten haircuts and sand stretches have gotten dirty, crowded and familiar. The state suffered a fall of around 20 per cent in inbound tourist numbers post September 11. Taking quick cognition of a stagnant theme as well as statistics, the state looked to coin a new idea and a new mantra, ‘Go Goa-365 days of the year’. Eco-tourism is an indispensable element of this new approach. The emphasis now, according to Goa’s ministry of tourism is on eco-tourism with wildlife, backwater and the hinterland taking precedence over the beaches. Eco-tourism has received special attention by way of budgetary provisions and projects for the development of interior green-spots like waterfalls, sanctuaries and lakes. Projects for the development of Nanda Lake at Curchorem, Alorna Fort and Harvalem waterfalls, which have significant touristic value have already been taken up. Infrastructural development for adventure tourism along the coast as well as equally magnificent interior hilly areas are also in the pipeline. So the introspection for an eco-tourism driven Goan revival is quite literal. A concerted effort to promote unconventional tourism products like backwaters, heritage houses and a host of other innovative products have been packaged and designed to lure the tourists.

The state government itself is keen on ecological reform. Recently a new law enforced a ban on thin plastic bags in Goa. The result of campaigning by the Plastic Free Goa Campaign, plastic bags below 100 microns will no longer be handed out by shopkeepers. Instead customers will be charged for them in the hope they will either re-use them or use alternatives such as baskets. It is hoped that the move will help to combat the proliferation of plastic bags that litter the beaches on India’s west coast. A solution still needs to be found for the problem of the millions of plastic water bottles disposed by tourists. It is however not without it’s dilemmas. For instance, the proposal of the Ministry of Environment and Forests that all areas within a radius of ten kms. from the boundaries of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks be notified as eco-fragile zones under the Environment Protection Act 1986, has adverse implications for Goa because it would virtually remove most of the available land from the purview of development. What is required here is an appreciation of the fact that Goa has been able to sustain its forest cover which now stands at 38 per cent.

The Eco-Initiatives

The state’s tourism department does not have too much to worry about as far as its eco-tourism resources are concerned, however Goa is steeped in biological diversity. Apart from the marine ecosystem of the coastal waters of the Arabian sea, Goa is home to a genetic diversity of several cash crops such as Mango, Cashew, Pepper, Coconut, Arecanut and other tropical vegetation. The Carambolim Lake, the Mandovi and Zuari Rivers and the coastal estuaries sustain a wide variety of aquatic flora and fauna. There are mangrove forests and paddy fields with the accompanying biodiversity. Nature has endowed Goa with scenic beauty, geographical diversity and a unique wealth of flora and fauna. The state is rich in faunal species, including an abundant bird life. The White Bellied Sea Eagle, Osprey, Spoonbill, Sandpiper, Redshark, Seagull etc., are among the major birds found here. Also found are the Crow Pheasant, Brahminy Kite, Sunbird, Bulbul, Babbler and a variety of Butterflies, Moths etc. The coastal areas of the state, with the rocky, muddy and sandy shores, provide a fascinating variety of marine organisms including corals, mollusks, echinoderms and fishes.

However rapid industrialization, tourism and resource overuse, have had an adverse impact on the environment of Goa. Industrial effluent, mining, agro chemicals, domestic waste, etc. have polluted the air and water. The state is suffering from the problem of heavy metals, and the urban air is seriously polluted leading to smog-type conditions in early mornings and an increase in respiratory problems. Goa’s biodiversity was vanishing, which is why eco-tourism has become the developmental paradigm of a reformed tourism industry.

The International Eco-tourism Society (TIES), defines eco-tourism as a responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment and sustain the well-being of local people. There is still vast ambiguity stigmatized to this phrase and therein lies the danger. It has allowed the tourism industry access into hitherto untouched areas around the world without having to compromise its raison’d etre, profit. Destruction of sand dunes and an erosion prone coast is what is left of Goa today. In 1996 the National Committee on Tourism, Planning Commission of India observed that the natural charm of coastal areas and marine area is being adversely affected by massive tourist development. Goa can be cited as an example. The beach resort facilities are spread all along the coastline of Goa. They undermine the natural sand dunes eco-systems of the coastal areas. The uncontrolled spurt in construction activity provoked by tourist influx in Goa, particularly the extraction of sand dunes for development works, has led to a continual erosion of coastal areas by the relentless sea.

The Ministry of Environment and Forests lays strong emphasis on people’s participation to conserve the environment. Special programmes like social forestry, Eco-clubs, Eco-Task Force, Paryavaran Vahinis (Environment Brigades) etc. have been initiated. Eco-Task Forces of ex-servicemen is a joint venture of the ministry of environment and forests, ministry of defence and the concerned state governments to undertake ecological restoration work in selected environmentally degraded areas, particularly in unapproachable and hostile terrains.

As in many other parts of the country, developmental activities and human pressure, including tourism, have had an adverse impact on the environment of Goa. The two main rivers Mandovi and Zuari, which drain 69 per cent of the state area now harbour on their banks 50 per cent of the population and a large number of industries.

Protected Wildlife Zones

Around 755 sq. kms or 20 per cent of the total geographical area of Goa has been constituted into wildlife protected areas to afford complete protection to the natural fauna and flora and to conserve the unique biological diversity of the state. These areas are located along the verdant western ghats, one of the richest reservoirs of biodiversity in the world. The sections that lie within Goa (the Sahyadris) and which dominate its eco-system, readily reflect this bewildering complexity in plant, animal and bird life.

The Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary with just eight sq. km. area, Bondla is rather small. However, it boasts of a mini zoo, deer safari park, formal gardens, botanic gardens and eco-tourism cottages. Late evenings and nights are very pleasant Bondla is a paradise for eco-tourists. The area is covered with moist deciduous forests, with small patches of evergreens and canes along the nullahs. The state tree Terminalia Crenulata (Matti) and Rosewood are common here. Gaur, the state animal is frequently seen here. Panther, Jungle Cat, Leopard Cat, Toddy Cat, Deer, Wild Boars, Porcupines, Ant Eaters and Squirrels are some of the other animals found here. Over a hundred species of birds are also residents of this area.

Dudhsagar Falls is the highest and largest waterfall of Goa, hidden in the bowl shaped evergreen valley in the Western Ghats. Hidden away in an evergreen valley in the western ghats, the highest and largest waterfall of Goa, Dudhsagar, cascades down 306 mts. in two segments, ten km from Collem is a trekking paradise.

Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary spreads over 1.78 sq.kms, this sanctuary is located on the western end of the island of Chorao along River Mandovi near Panaji. The whole area has mangrove vegetation of 14 different species and is covered by a network of criss-cross water channels having tidal variations. It is a suitable habitat for plankton, shrimps, prawns and small fish. During winter, between November and January, migratory birds flock in thousands to feed on the banks of river Mandovi, adjoining the sanctuary. Apart from that, a number of resident birds and a few animals can also be seen inside the sanctuary.

There’s very little room and glory left in trying to introduce India’s proverbial and not merely its demographic beach destination. Goa spans over 3,702 sq kms, lining India’s west coast and housing mellow people and an innate holiday culture. Realising that eco-tourism is imperative, both for the ecological sustenance of the destination as well as for presenting Goa in a unique manner to the demanding international tourists, the state tourism board has been aggressively pursuing the cause of eco-tourism. This has lent a completely new flavour to a destination otherwise renowned as India’s premium beach retreat.